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Table 3 Meta-correlations with emotional exhaustion (EE)

From: Correlates of physician burnout across regions and specialties: a meta-analysis

Correlates

k

n

ρ

ρc

σ2 ρc

95% CI ρc

Q

kfs

Work Engagement Drivers

        

Recognition/feedback

4

2,125

−0.17

−0.20b

0.003

−0.24 to −0.11

6.69

10

Autonomy

6

2,189

−0.26

−0.36 b

0.021

−0.60 to −0.01

53.09b

30

Organization/peer support

4

2,748

−0.15

−0.18b

0.002

−0.21 to −0.09

4.18

8

Adequate resources

2

1,089

−0.14

−0.15b

0.002

−0.18 to −0.11

2.35

4

Work Engagement Constraints

        

Professional values

2

91

0.36

0.42 b

0.000

0.41 to 0.42

0.01

13

Organization structures

5

1,084

0.44

0.45 b

0.038

0.08 to 0.82

63.41b

40

Inadequate resources

5

1,023

0.34

0.36 b

0.012

0.18 to 0.53

15.16b

31

Role ambiguity/conflict

3

622

0.23

0.24b

0.007

0.12 to 0.34

5.14

11

Insufficient input

4

437

0.34

0.36 b

0.017

0.15 to 0.56

9.79a

23

Workload

19

6,205

0.51

0.66 b

0.018

0.28 to 0.79

206.09b

183

Inadequate skills/preparation

4

1,242

0.24

0.26b

0.002

0.25 to 0.27

3.34

16

Position specific demands

10

3,550

0.32

0.40 b

0.004

0.27 to 0.43

18.19a

61

Work Attitude Drivers

16

12,323

−0.30

−0.47 b

0.022

−0.61 to −0.02

328.50b

85

Work Attitude Constraints

13

4,652

0.35

0.46 b

0.008

0.21 to 0.52

50.15b

82

Health & Safety Drivers

        

Quality & safety culture

7

8,226

−0.23

−0.34 b

0.016

−0.50 to 0.00

143.72b

28

Clinical Skills

3

1,033

−0.08

−0.08a

0.004

−0.16 to −0.00

4.39

2

Professional development

6

1,377

−0.31

−0.31 b

0.014

−0.51 to −0.10

23.74b

31

Health & Safety Constraints

        

Incivility/conflicts/violence

7

1,816

0.34

0.41 b

0.015

0.14 to 0.58

34.61b

43

Lack of quality & safety

15

5,612

0.34

0.42 b

0.007

0.22 to 0.51

50.11b

94

Work–Life/Home Conflict

13

3,817

0.40

0.49 b

0.019

0.16 to 0.69

102.49b

98

Contributors to Poor Mental Health

23

7,345

0.49

0.62 b

0.013

0.30 to 0.71

168.99b

210

Contributors to Good Health

6

4,806

−0.28

−0.32 b

0.01

−0.48 to −0.10

57.76b

29

Adaptive Coping

        

Social support

7

3,448

−0.17

−0.26b

0.007

−0.32 to −0.04

28.34b

18

Problem-focused

9

3,007

−0.20

−0.29b

0.009

−0.38 to −0.04

30.42b

29

Ineffective Coping

9

3,129

0.22

0.33 b

0.009

0.07 to 0.50

31.28b

33

  1. 95% CI ρ c, confidence interval; σ 2 ρ c, variance of ρ c; k, number of samples; kfs, fail-safe k for critical ρ c ≥0.05; n, sample size across k; ρ, weighted mean meta-correlation; ρ c, ρ after correcting for measurement unreliability with value ≥0.30 in bold; Q, homogeneity of r test, where significance indicates that the ρ c’s vary across k. a P <0.05; b P <0.001.