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Table 7 Associations between the presence of Population Health WHO practice activities in country SOP documents and country-level healthcare resource metrics

From: Understanding the scope of practice of physician associate/physician associate comparable professions using the World Health Organization global competency and outcomes framework for universal health coverage

WHO practice activities

SOP element present

Health expenditures per capitaa

Medical doctors per 1000 populationa

Nurses per 1000 populationa

High vs. low incomea,b

  

N (Median)

Statisticc

(p-value)

N (Median)

Statisticc

(p-value)

N (Median)

Statisticc

(p-value)

ORd

(p-value)

21. Assessing community health needs

Absent:

19 (3015)

94

(0.02)*

19 (2.6)

93.5

(0.02)*

19 (5.70)

96.5

(0.01)*

0.01

(0.05) *

Present:

6 (146)

6 (0.10)

6 (1.05)

22. Planning and delivering community health programmes

Absent:

17 (3015)

105

(0.03)*

17 (2.60)

105

(0.03)*

17 (5.70)

108

(0.02)*

0.14

(0.09)

Present:

8 (146)

8 (0.15)

7 (1.20)

23. Managing public health communication

Absent:

15 (3768)

120

(0.01)*

15 (2.60)

120

(0.01) *

15 (9.90)

116

(0.02)*

0.08

(0.01)*

Present:

10 (153)

10 (0.15)

10 1.20)

24. Developing preparedness for health emergencies and disasters, including disease outbreaks

Absent:

13 (4338)

135 (< 0.01)*

13 (2.80)

131

(< 0.01)*

13 (9.90)

128

(0.01)*

0.04

(< 0.01)*

Present:

12 (141)

12 (0.15)

12 1.20)

25. Responding to health emergencies and disasters, including disease outbreaks

Absent:

20 (2056)

66

(0.30)

20 (1.75)

76.5

(0.08)

20 (4.95)

79

(0.06)

Present:

5 (180)

5 (0.10)

5 (1.20)

26. Advocacy for community health needs

Absent:

18 (676)

59

(0.84)

18 (0.90)

64

(0.98)

18 (2.70)

75.5

(0.47)

1.17

(1.00)

Present:

7 (205)

7 (1.20)

7 (1.30)

  1. Bold demonstrate significantly significant results
  2. aPer 1000 USD increment
  3. bAs defined by the World Bank
  4. cWilkoxon for independent samples
  5. dFisher exact test
  6. *p-value < 0.05
  7. Data unavailable for these data points