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Table 8 Associations between the presence of Management & Organization WHO practice activities in country SOP documents and country-level healthcare resource metrics

From: Understanding the scope of practice of physician associate/physician associate comparable professions using the World Health Organization global competency and outcomes framework for universal health coverage

WHO practice activities

SOP element present

Health expenditures per capitaa

Medical doctors per 1000 populationa

Nurses per 1000 populationa

High vs. low incomea,b

  

N (Median)

Statisticc

(p-value)

N (Median)

Statisticc

(p-value)

N (Median)

Statisticc

(p-value)

ORd

(p-value)

27. Accessing and documenting information

Absent:

2 (1575)

20

(0.81)

2 (2.35)

27.5

(0.69)

2 (3.45)

21

(0.88)

0.65

(1.00)

Present:

23 (253)

23 (0.90)

23 (1.90)

28. Registering individuals for health services

Absent:

21 (253)

42

(1.00)

21 (1.20)

45.5

(0.82)

21 (3.50)

58

(0.25)

0.46

(0.63)

Present:

4 (652)

4 (0.75)

4 (0.85)

29. Delivering quality improvement activities

Absent:

9 (1098)

77

(0.803)

9 (0.90)

79.5

(0.69)

9 (1.70)

73.5 (0.96)

0.76

(1.00)

Present:

16 (203)

16 (0.70)

16 (2.70)

30. Providing workplace-based learning and supervision

Absent:

12 (3391)

116

(0.04)*

12 (2.70)

128

(0.01)*

12 (6.95)

113

(0.06)

0.23

(0.11)

Present:

13 (158)

13 (0.20)

13 (1.20)

31. Managing human resources

Absent:

9 (3768)

99

(0.14)

9 (2.60)

97

(0.16)

9 (8.20)

104. (0.08)

0.18

(0.09)

Present:

16 (191)

16 (0.40)

16 (1.25)

32. Managing financial resources

Absent:

18 (1118)

70

(0.70)

18 (1.20)

79.5

(0.33)

18 (3.85)

76.5 (0.43)

0.51

(0.66)

Present:

7 (180)

7 (0.20)

7 (1.20)

33. Managing physical resources

Absent:

16 (2077)

94

(0.23)

16 (2.05)

100

(0.12)

16 (4.95)

98.5 (0.14)

0.30

(0.23)

Present:

9 (158)

9 (0.20)

9 (1.20)

34. Participating in evaluation and research

Absent:

11 (3768)

120

(0.02)*

11 (2.60)

126

(0.01)*

11 (8.20)

111

(0.07)

0.17

(0.05) *

Present:

14 (153)

14 (0.15)

14 (1.20)

35. Developing policies and protocols

Absent:

23 (1098)

38

(0.17)

23 (1.20)

34.5

(0.27)

23 (3.50)

36

(0.21)

Present:

2 (112)

2 (0.15)

2 (0.95)

  1. Bold demonstrate significantly significant results
  2. aPer 1000 USD increment
  3. bAs defined by the World Bank
  4. cWilkoxon for independent samples
  5. dFisher exact test
  6. *p-value < 0.05
  7. Data unavailable for these data points