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Table 2 Mapping research questions with selected articles

From: A literature review: the role of the private sector in the production of nurses in India, Kenya, South Africa and Thailand

Author

Year

Demand for nurses

Supply

Policy environment of private nurse production

Stock of nurses

Number of nurses produced in private sector

Production capacity of private nurse institutions

The Kenya Health Workforce Project [24]

2012

   

35 (51%) of total 68 nursing institutions were privately run.

 

More staff in private institutions than public institutions (tutor-student ratio 1:14 in private and 1:40 in public)

Kanchanachitra C, et al. [7]

2011

Acceleration of nursing production to achieve MDGs

    

Rao M, et al. [8]

2011

Economic growth

  

95% of all nurses produced by private institutions

 

Introduction of UHC

Realignment of health system focusing on primary health care

  

Quality of nurses produced in private sector due to shortage of staff and facilities

Increase in NCD prevalence

Ndumbe NP [10]

2011

To serve primary health care

    

To achieve MDGs

To reach minimum acceptable population coverage

Rao DT [15]

2011

Towards UHC

    

Focusing on primary health care

Increase in NCD prevalence

To achieve MDGs

The Asia Pacific Action Alliance on Human Resources for Health (AAAH) [22]

2011

 

Maldistribution - density in Bangkok 5 times higher than the rest of the country

Thailand - new graduates from private sector - increase of 24.1% between 2006 and 2010

 

India - nursing council regulates facilitated scaling up of nurse production.

Bangdiwala S, et al. [16]

2010

To serve primary health care

    

To achieve MDGs

Wibulpolprasert S, et al. [23]

2010

   

10 (14%) out of 64 nursing schools were privately run.

 

Gross JM, et al. [12]

2010

To serve primary health care

   

Kenya - national plan to speed up hiring new nurses and utilizing public-private partnership

To achieve MDGs

Pagaiya N and Noree T [4]

2009

Changing demographics, economics and epidemiology

    

Towards UHC

To serve primary health care

Expansion of private provision due to medical hub policy

George G, et al. [20]

2009

 

Maldistribution and shortage in underserved area

   

Krupp K and Madhivanan P [17]

2009

To achieve MDGs

    

Matsuno A [27]

2009

    

Thailand - private institutions produced nurses for their own hospitals.

Adano U [13]

2008

Epidemiological changes

    

Increase in public health care services

Wadee H and Khan F [21]

2007

 

Maldistribution and shortage of nurses

   

Connell J, et al. [11]

2007

Demographic changes

    

WHO [5]

2007

Demographic and epidemiological changes

    

Khadria B [18]

2007

Increasing international outward migration

   

India, support of working abroad

India, state government facilitates export market

Kirigia JM, et al. [19]

2006

International brain drain

    

to achieve MDGs

Subedar H [9]

2005

Epidemiological factors

Maldistribution and shortage of nurses

South Africa - private sector produced 66.3% of enrolled nurses in 2004

  

Academy for Nursing Studies, Hyderabad [6]

2005

Economic growth

    

Increase in primary health care services

Epidemiological changes

Jindawatana A, et al. [25]

1998

   

Lower quality of private graduation

Mandatory rural service

Quality assurance and accreditation to oversee both public and private production

Chunharas S, et a l. [26]

1997

    

Efficient management through stakeholder interface

      

Mandatory rural service

  1. MDG, millennium development goal; UHC, universal health coverage; NCD, non-communicable chronic disease.