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Table 1 Grading criteria

From: An integrative review and evidence-based conceptual model of the essential components of pre-service education

Design

Types of groups

Literature grade

Tier

Meta-analysis

 

1

1

Systematic or integrative review of literature

 

1

Experimental

Between subjects (experimental and control)

2

 

Within subjects (cross-over)

2

Quasi-experimental

Non-equivalent control group

3

2

 

Repeated measures

3

Pre-experimental

Comparison group

4

 

Pre-test/post-test

4

 

Post-test only

5

Descriptive studies

Retrospective

6

3

 

Case series, correlation

6

 

Prospective/cross-sectional

6

 

Literature review (descriptive)

6

Qualitative studies

 

7