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Measures of needs
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Age-adjusted mortality
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Physician density
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The number of physicians who work for any medical facilities per 1,000 population
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Hospital physician density
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The number of physicians who work for hospitals per 1,000 population
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Clinic physician density
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The number of physicians who work for clinics per 1,000 population
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Measures of residential quality
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Urban/rural status
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The metropolitan area code defined by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
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1) urban centres, 2) suburban areas,
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3) rural areas
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Per capita income
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Percent of the population
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As a proxy for educational level in the community
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with a university-level education
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Unemployment rate
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The number of unemployed individuals per the number of all individuals currently in the labour force (workforce)
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Percent of white-collar workers
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The number of professionals, technical workers, managers, and administrators per number of workforce
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Primary school students per number
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As a proxy for children’s educational opportunities
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of primary schools
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Crime rate
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The number of crimes per total population as a proxy for neighbourhood safety
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Temperature
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As a proxy for climate discomfort. The discomfort index was calculated by using temperature and humidity and used in the model.
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Humidity
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Other factors
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Total population
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Hospital beds per 1,000 population
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The presence or absence of
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As a proxy for continuing education
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medical schools
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