Country | Cadre name | Basic schooling | Basic pre-service education | Postbasic education | Specialized education |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ghana | Medical assistant | 12 years | 3 years (nursing) | 1 year | none |
 | Nurse anesthetist | 12 years | 3 years nursing | 18 months | none |
 | Doctor | 12 years | 6 years |  | 2–5 years |
Kenya | Clinical officer | 12 years | 3 years (clinical officer) | 1 – 1.5 yrs |  |
 | Doctor | 12 years | 6 years (medical school) |  | 3–4 years |
Tanzania | Clinical officer | 12 years | 2 years | 3 years (AMO) (+ 5 years' practice) | 2 yr (AMOs) |
 | Doctor | 12 years | 6 years (medical school) |  | 3–4 years |
Mozambique basic, medium & specialist | Medical assistant; surgical/obstetrical technician | 10 years | 2.5 years medical assistant | 1.5 years – surgical/ obstetrical technician |  |
 | Doctor | 12 years | 6 years (medical school) |  |  |
Malawi | Medical assistant/clinical officer | 12 years | 3 years (medical assistant) | 1.5 years? (surgery) clinical officer | Â |
 | Pharmacy technologist | 12 | 3 years | 1 year |  |
 | Doctor | 12 years | 6 years (medical school) |  |  |
Zambia | Clinical officer | 12 yrs (O level) | 3 years | licentiates 18 months | 2 year "clinical officer anesthetist" |
 | Doctor | 12 years | 6 years (medical school) |  |  |