Table 7 Fixed effects estimates of EPI vaccination rates on HRH densities – with fixed time effects (β coefficients presented; standard errors in parentheses)
From: Health worker densities and immunization coverage in Turkey: a panel data analysis
Year fixed effects | 2001–2006 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model I | Model II | Model I | Model II | |||||
Log HRH density | -0.11 | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.56** | 0.75** | 0.00 | ||
(0.20) | (0.20) | 0.00 | (0.10) | (0.10) | 0.00 | |||
Log HRH density * Time Trend | 0.00 | -0.13** | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.077** | 0.00 | ||
0.00 | (0.04) | 0.00 | 0.00 | (0.03) | 0.00 | |||
Log GP density | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.22 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.26* |
0.00 | 0.00 | (0.10) | (0.20) | 0.00 | 0.00 | (0.07) | (0.10) | |
Log GP density * Time Trend | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.12* | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.12** |
0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | (0.05) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | (0.03) | |
Log nurse/midwife density | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.23 | -0.34 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.29** | 0.04 |
0.00 | 0.00 | (0.10) | (0.20) | 0.00 | 0.00 | (0.09) | (0.10) | |
Log nurse/midwife density * Time Trend | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.082** |
0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | (0.05) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | (0.03) | |
Log health officer density | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.26* | 0.54** |
0.00 | 0.00 | (0.10) | (0.20) | 0.00 | 0.00 | (0.10) | (0.10) | |
Log health officer density * Time Trend | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.10* | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.084** |
0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | (0.04) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | (0.02) | |
Year | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.30** | -0.85** | -0.30** | -1.44** |
0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | (0.03) | (0.20) | (0.03) | (0.20) | |
Year-squared | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.060** | 0.060** | 0.060** | 0.059** |
0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | (0.00) | (0.00) | (0.00) | (0.00) | |
2001 | -0.12 | -1.03** | -0.10 | -1.53** | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
(0.09) | (0.30) | (0.09) | (0.40) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
2002 | -0.30** | -2.11** | -0.30** | -3.16** | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
(0.10) | (0.50) | (0.10) | (0.80) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
2003 | -0.63** | -3.36** | -0.62** | -4.94** | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
(0.10) | (0.80) | (0.10) | (1.10) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
2004 | -0.17 | -3.80** | -0.12 | -5.96** | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
(0.10) | (1.10) | (0.10) | (1.50) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
2005 | 0.27* | -4.26** | 0.32** | -6.98** | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
(0.10) | (1.30) | (0.10) | (1.90) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
2006 | 0.27* | -5.17** | 0.31* | -8.43** | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
(0.10) | (1.60) | (0.10) | (2.30) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
Constant | 0.47 | 2.08 | 0.53 | 3.52* | 5.27** | 6.59** | 5.97** | 8.72** |
(1.10) | (1.40) | (1.30) | (1.70) | (0.70) | (0.80) | (0.90) | (1.00) | |
R-squared (within) | 0.37 | 0.41 | 0.37 | 0.44 | 0.53 | 0.55 | 0.54 | 0.59 |
F-test: HRH = 0† | 0.00 | 6.30 | 1.34 | 2.90 | 0.00 | 20.40 | 10.40 | 13.30 |
P-value | <0.01 | 0.27 | 0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||
F-test: GP = GP * Time Trend = 0 | 0.00 | 3.42 | 0.00 | 6.72 | ||||
P-value | 0.04 | <0.01 | ||||||
F-test: Nurse/Midwife = Nurse/Midwife * Time Trend = 0 | 0.00 | 1.89 | 0.00 | 11.50 | ||||
P-value | 0.16 | <0.01 | ||||||
F-test: health officer = health officer * Time Trend = 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.14 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 9.76 |
P-value | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | <0.01 | ||
F-test: HRH† Fixed Effects = 0 | 0.76 | 8.22 | 11.00 | 38.10 | 0.76 | 8.22 | 0.01 | 0.26* |
P-value | 0.38 | 0.02 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.38 | 0.02 | (0.07) | (0.10) |