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Table 2 Basic characteristics of community variables and their correlations with physician-to-population ratio (n = 3,132)

From: Community characteristics that attract physicians in Japan: a cross-sectional analysis of community demographic and economic factors

Variables of municipalities Mean IQR Correlation* P**
Service industry workers/unit population 26 004 18 639 – 28 979 0.543 <0.001
Commercial land price 80 645 27 525 – 88 175 0.527 <0.001
Sales of commercial goods/person 2 003 300 618 200 – 1 653 200 0.472 <0.001
Daytime population density 1 020 245 – 854 0.451 <0.001
Residential land price 39 208 11 600 – 47 150 0.436 <0.001
Population density 1 018 271 – 914 0.409 <0.001
Workers/unit population 96 194 95 408 – 97 225 0.364 <0.001
Executives/unit population 4 176 3 146 – 5 030 0.349 <0.001
Crimes/unit population 1 313 755 – 1 688 0.326 <0.001
Income/person 3 117 434 2 816 800 – 3 293 300 0.298 <0.001
Total jobless rate 3.8 2.8 – 4.6 0.252 <0.001
Commuters from outside/unit population 151 83 – 173 0.232 <0.001
Length of paved roads/unit area 0.7 0.4 – 0.9 0.225 <0.001
Foreigners/unit population 536 162 – 639 0.222 <0.001
Divorces/unit population 182 134 – 226 0.196 <0.001
Sales of manufactured products/unit population 199 912 44 266 – 229 916 0.112 <0.001
Manufacturing industry workers/unit population 13 905 9 392 – 16 788 -0.049 0.005
Commuters to outside/unit population 189 120 – 258 -0.105 <0.001
Elderly rate 24.0 18.7 – 28.5 -0.226 <0.001
Sales of primary industry products/unit population 21 910 5 474 – 27 284 -0.319 <0.001
Primary industry workers/unit population 7 426 2 732 – 10 678 -0.381 <0.001
  1. Outcome variable is the number of physicians per 100 000 residents (mean 126; IQR 53–155)
  2. *Spearman's rho correlation coefficient
  3. **Probability of coefficient being zero
  4. IQR: Interquartile range
  5. Unit population is 100,000 residents
  6. Unit area is a square kilometer
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