| Endogenous (within the health system) | Exogenous (outside the health system) |
---|---|---|
Push (from Ireland) | De-skilling (brain waste) | • Uncertain residency/citizenship entitlements (especially for children) • No family reunification rights for extended family (children over 18, parents) • No entitlement to subsidized third-level education for children • No protection for the integrity of the family unit |
Pull (to Canada/USA/Australia) | • Relocation bonuses • Opportunity to specialize and/or use one's specialty • Opportunity to advance career | • Clearer whole-family residency and citizenship entitlements • Opportunity for family reunification • Integrity of family unit protected |
Stay (in Ireland) | • Job security (permanence) • Salary enabling remittances • Maternity leave entitlements • Equality | • Desire to be settled • Avoid further disruption (for children) • Feel safe • Equality |