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Table 3 Exposure to physical and non-physical violence by participant characteristics

From: Workplace violence towards workers in the emergency departments of Palestinian hospitals: a cross-sectional study

 

Physical

Non-physicala

F

%

χ 2

pvalue

F

%

χ 2

pvalue

Region

        

 West Bank

42

32.1

1.007

0.316

92

70.2

0.08

0.77

 Gaza

116

37.1

  

224

71.6

  

Ownership

        

 Governmental

122

37.8

2.469

0.116

245

75.9

12.65

<0.001

 Non-governmental

36

29.8

  

71

58.7

  

Monthly ER visits

        

 <3 000 visits

92

25.0

7.123

0.028

92

58.7

17.962

<0.001

 3 000–9 000 visits

96

33.3

  

96

62.5

  

 >9 000 visits

256

40.2

  

256

78.9

  

Gender

        

 Male

128

37.5

2.44

0.18

241

70.7

0.177

0.674

 Female

30

29.1

  

75

72.8

  

Age

        

 ≤30 years

87

41.2

5.59

0.018

162

76.8

6.16

0.013

 >30 years

71

30.5

  

154

66.1

  

Job category

        

 Physicians

41

28.9

4.5

0.105

112

87.9

9.45

0.009

 Nurses

65

40.4

  

116

72.0

  

 Administrative

52

36.9

  

88

62.4

  

Education

        

 <Bachelor’s

58

40.3

2.047

0.153

99

68.8

0.609

0.435

 ≥Bachelor’s

100

33.3

  

217

72.3

  

Experience in ER

        

 <5 years

90

36.0

4.66

0.097

177

70.8

7.34

0.025

 5–9 years

46

41.4

  

88

79.3

  

 ≥10 years

22

26.5

  

51

61.4

  
  1. χ2: Pearson chi-square.
  2. aNonphysical violence includes threats, verbal abuse and sexual harassment.