Table 2 Results of the three zero-truncated, negative binomial GLMs for GP density, specialists density, and ratio of GPs divided by specialists

Intercept

1.736

0.000^***

1.919

0.000^***

−0.178

0.003^**

Population

Population density (per km²) (z-score)

−0.136

0.005^**

0.349

0.000^***

−0.453

0.000^***

Financial incentives

Household income (z-score)

0.018

0.255

0.093

0.001^**

−0.088

0.001^**

Share of privately insured persons (z-score)

0.042

0.008^**

0.123

0.000^***

−0.063

0.033^*

Health care

No. of hospital beds (z-score)

0.073

0.000^***

0.253

0.000^***

−0.206

0.000^***

Cultural

Number of middle-order centers (z-score)

−0.005

0.703

−0.074

0.004^**

0.052

0.038^*

Number of high-order centers (z-score)

0.036

0.003^**

0.057

0.022^*

−0.022

0.336

City in district (binary)

−0.021

0.476

0.146

0.005^**

−0.140

0.008^**

State capital in district (binary)

0.127

0.000^***

0.278

0.000^***

−0.096

0.244

Labor/economy

Rate of highly qualified workers (z-score)

0.019

0.264

0.106

0.001^**

−0.099

0.001^**

Unemployment rate (z-score)

0.052

0.064

0.139

0.006^**

−0.073

0.142

Attractiveness

Touristic attractiveness (z-score)

0.046

0.000^***

−0.004

0.861

0.036

0.116

Migration balance (last 5 years) (z-score)

−0.012

0.478

0.072

0.025^*

−0.113

0.000^***

Infrastructure

Travel time to the nearest airport (z-score)

0.049

0.000^***

0.021

0.420

0.016

0.548

Travel time to middle-order center (z-score)

−0.064

0.007^**

−0.177

0.000^***

0.115

0.004^**

Interactions

Population density: city in district

0.099

0.044^*

−0.422

0.000^***

0.464

0.000^***

GoF-measures

Sigma (global deviance)

−8.177

0.000^***

−3.763

0.000^***

−3.892

0.000^***

BIC score first model

3260

4125

3979

BIC score final model

3162

3828

3751