Table 4 Faculty members’ experience of gender discrimination and inequalities
Phase of academic life cycle (faculty) | Examples and results |
|---|---|
Recruitment | • Challenges in balancing work and family obligations, contributing to faculty leaving their positions or turning down employment offers (USA) [31] • Hiring preferences for male faculty due to belief that female faculty taking maternity leave will be disruptive (Kenya) [10] |
Career advancement opportunities | • Discriminatory promotion decisions against female staff due to resistance to sexual advances (Nigeria) [20] • Lower number of publications by female medical faculty with children (USA) [31] • Taking reduced workload or time off for family responsibilities seen as a reflection of lower commitment to work (Australia, USA) [16, 61] |
Leadership | • Higher numbers of male faculty in senior leadership, even in cadres traditionally considered female occupations, such as nursing (Kenya) [10] |
Satisfaction and retention | • Lower rates of career satisfaction among female medical faculty with children than among male medical faculty with children (USA) [15, 17] |