Table 2 Assessment of studies included in this review using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cohort studies as well as the adapted version for cross-sectional studies
Selection a | Comparability b | Outcome c | Quality score | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
37 | Representativeness of sample | Sample size | Non-respondents | Ascertainment of exposure | Assessment of outcome | Statistical test | ||
Anderson [47] | A | A | B | C | A | C | A | 6 |
Austrom [58] | B | A | A | B | – | C | A | 6 |
Baker [56] | A | A | A | C | – | C | B | 4 |
Baker [59] | A | A | A | B | – | C | B | 5 |
Baker and Hishinuma [74] | B | A | B | B | A/B | C | A | 7 |
Batchelor [22] | C | B | B | B | – | C | B | 2 |
Biellauskas [75] | B | B | C | A | A/B | C | A | 6 |
Brett [51] | B | B | B | B | – | A | A | 5 |
Burke [76] | C | A | C | B | – | C | B | 3 |
Chambers [69] | A | A | A | A | – | C | A | 6 |
Crowson, [6] | A | A | A | A | A | B | – | 7 |
Davidson [77] | A | A | A | C | – | C | A | 5 |
Davidson [52] | A | A | C | B | A | C | A | 6 |
Deitch [48] | A | A | A | B | A/B | C | A | 8 |
De Santo [78] | A | A | B | B | – | C | B | 4 |
Dodds [46] | A | A | A | A | A/B | C | A | 9 |
Donner [79] | D | C | C | C | – | D | B | 0 |
Draper [40] | A | A | A | B | A | C | A | 7 |
Draper [80] | A | A | B | A | A/B | C | A | 8 |
Eagles [30] | A | A | B | B | A | C | B | 5 |
Evans and Ghosh [43] | A | B | B | A | – | C | A | 5 |
Farley [39] | A | A | B | A | – | C | B | 4 |
Fletcher and Schofield [38] | A | A | C | A | A/B | C | A | 8 |
Florence [81] | A | A | B | B | – | C | B | 4 |
French [36] | A | A | A | A | A | C | A | 8 |
French [23] | A | A | A | A | A | C | A | 8 |
Gee [82] | A | A | B | B | – | C | A | 5 |
Goldberg [57] | A | A | B | A | – | C | A | 6 |
Grauer and Campbell [50] | D | B | C | B | – | C | B | 2 |
Greenfield and Proctor [83] | A | A | B | B | A | C | B | 5 |
Gregory and Menser [63] | B | A | B | A | A | C | A | 7 |
Grondin [61] | A | A | B | A | – | C | A | 6 |
Hall [5] | A | A | B | B | – | C | B | 4 |
Heponiemi [44] | A | A | B | A | A/B | C | A | 8 |
Hill [24] | C | A | C | B | – | C | B | 3 |
Jacobson and Eran [25] | A | A | B | A | A/B | C | A | 8 |
Jonasson and Kwakwa [84] | A | A | B | B | A | C | B | 5 |
Joyce [42] | A | A | A | C | A | C | B | 8 |
Kendell and Pearce [85] | A | A | B | C | – | C | B | 3 |
Landon [49] | B | A | A | B | A/B | C | A | 8 |
Lee [77] | A | A | A | B | – | C | B | 5 |
Lee [87] | B | A | B | B | – | C | A | 5 |
Luce [7] | A | A | B | A | – | C | A | 6 |
Moriarty [88] | A | B | B | B | A/B | C | B | 5 |
McGuirt and McGuirt [89] | B | A | B | B | – | C | B | 4 |
Mears [41] | A | A | B | B | A | C | A | 6 |
Meghea and Sunshine [54] | A | A | A | B | A/B | C | A | 8 |
Newton [26] | C | A | B | A | – | C | B | 4 |
Onyura [19] | B | A | C | B | – | C | B | 4 |
Orkin [34] | A | A | B | B | A/B | C | A | 7 |
Peisah [45] | C | A | C | A | – | C | B | 4 |
Pit and Hansen [16] | B | A | B | A | A/B | C | A | 8 |
Quandango [27] | C | A | B | B | – | C | B | 3 |
Rayburn [31] | A | A | B | B | – | B | B | 5 |
Reuben and Silliman [47] | A | A | A | B | A/B | C | A | 8 |
Ritternhouse [33] | A | A | A | B | A/B | B | A | 9 |
Rowe [90] | A | A | B | C | – | C | B | 3 |
Shanafelt [53] | A | A | A | A | A/B | C | A | 9 |
Sibbald [32] | A | A | A | A | A/B | A | A | 9 |
Silver [29] | B | A | B | B | – | C | B | 4 |
Smith [91] | A | A | C | A | – | C | B | 5 |
Sutinen [35] | A | A | A | A | A/B | C | A | 8 |
Van Greuningen [17] | A | A | B | A | – | C | A | 7 |
Wakeford [18] | A | A | C | B | – | C | B | 4 |