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Table 4 Summary of study results and statistical conclusions by outcome

From: The impact of the advanced practice nursing role on quality of care, clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and cost in the emergency and critical care settings: a systematic review

Study

Setting

Length of stay

Waiting time

Mortality

Patient satisfaction

Cost

Time to consultation

Time to treatment

NP-directed care (NP only)

 Colligan [33]

ED

↓

↓

    

 Dinh [30]

ED

 

↔

  

↑

 

 Goldie [31]

Post-cardiac surgery unit

↔

   

↔

 

 Jennings [28]

ED

↓

↔

    

 Jennings [29]

ED

  

↓

   

 Landsperger [38]

ICU

↓(ICU)

↓(Hospital)

  

↔

  

 Moran [39]

Stroke center

  

↓

↔

  

 Morris [40]

Trauma center

↔

     

 Roche [42]

ED

↔

↔

  

↔

 

Collaborative care (NP + Physician)

 David [35]

ICU

↔

     

 Hiza [36]

Trauma center

↔

    

↓

 Hoffman [37]

ICU

↔

  

↔

  

 Scherzer [41]

ICU

↑(ICU)

↔(Hospital)

  

↔

 

↔

 Skinner [34]

ICU

   

↔

 

↓

 Steiner [32]

ED

↔

↔

    
  1. ↑significant increase; ↔ no significant difference; ↓significant decrease