Table 9 Distribution of the ‘not relevant’ ratings in relation to area of pharmacy practice for the 10 behaviours showing disagreement
From: A survey of pharmacists’ perception of foundation level competencies in African countries
Cluster | Competencies | Behaviours | Area of practice (%N ‘not relevant’) | χ2 value | p | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acad. | Admin. | Comm. | Hosp. | Indus. | Othersa | |||||
Pharmaceutical care | Assessment of medicines | [B6] Identify, prioritise and act upon medicine-medicine interactions; medicine-disease interactions; medicine-patient interactions; medicines-food interactions (n = 43) | 20 | 9.5 | 0 | 11.6 | 21.9 | 7.1 | 23.5 | 0.01 |
Dispensing | [B13] Document and act upon dispensing errors (n = 50) | 14.3 | 19 | 20 | 7.6 | 21.9 | 35.7 | 36.9 | < 0.001 | |
[B14] Implement and maintain a dispensing error report system and a ‘near misses’ report system (n = 43) | 17.1 | 14.3 | 20.3 | 7.1 | 12.5 | 14.3 | 15.9 | 0.1 | ||
Medicines | [B20] Package medicines to optimise safety [ensuring appropriate re-packaging and labelling of the medicines] (n = 39) | 20 | 9.5 | 16.9 | 4.4 | 25 | 14.3 | 31.9 | < 0.001 | |
Organisation and management | Budget and reimbursement | [B32] Ensure appropriate claim for reimbursement (n = 40) | 24 | 5 | 10.9 | 8.8 | 24 | 27.3 | 20.1 | 0.03 |
[B34] Ensure proper reference sources for service reimbursement (n = 34) | 18.2 | 5 | 10.9 | 7.8 | 16 | 27.3 | 16.8 | 0.08 | ||
Workplace management | [B58] Ensure production schedules are appropriately planned and managed (n = 35) | 15.2 | 5 | 19.6 | 6.7 | 20 | 18.2 | 17.4 | 0.08 | |
Professional and personal | Quality assurance and research in the workplace | [B87] Apply research findings and understand the benefit risk [e.g. pre-clinical, clinical trials, experimental clinical-pharmacological research and risk management] (n = 34) | 12.5 | 5 | 20.9 | 10.2 | 9.1 | 0 | 20.4 | 0.03 |
[B90] Ensure appropriate quality control tests are performed and managed appropriately (n = 39) | 12.5 | 0 | 25.6 | 11.9 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 22.8 | 0.01 | ||
[B95] Initiate and implement audit and research activities (n = 33) | 12.5 | 5 | 20.9 | 9 | 9.1 | 0 | 15.78 | 0.11 | ||