Table 6 Overall rating of behaviours in the pharmaceutical care cluster
From: A survey of pharmacists’ perception of foundation level competencies in African countries
Pharmaceutical care competencies (n = 386) | Not relevant | Low relevance | Relevant | Group | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Count | Row (N%) | Count | Row (N%) | Count | Row (N%) | ||
Assessment of medicines | |||||||
B5. AM | Appropriately select medicines (e.g. according to the patient, hospital, government policy, etc.) | 18 | 4.7 | 40 | 10.4 | 328 | 85 | 1 |
B6. AM | Identify, prioritise and act upon medicine-medicine interactions; medicine-disease interactions; medicine-patient interactions; medicines-food interactions | 43 | 11.1 | 83 | 21.5 | 260 | 67.4 | 2 |
Compounding medicines | |||||||
B7. CM | Prepare pharmaceutical medicines (e.g. extemporaneous, cytotoxic medicines), determine the requirements for preparation (calculations, appropriate formulation, procedures, raw materials, equipment etc.) | 25 | 6.5 | 61 | 15.8 | 300 | 77.7 | 1 |
B8. CM | Compound under the good manufacturing practice for pharmaceutical (GMP) medicines | 35 | 9.1 | 61 | 15.8 | 290 | 75.1 | 1 |
Dispensing | |||||||
B9. D | Accurately dispense medicines for prescribed and/or minor ailments and monitor the dispense (re-checking the medicines) | 19 | 4.9 | 43 | 11.2 | 324 | 83.9 | 1 |
B10. D | Accurately report defective or substandard medicines to the appropriate authorities | 26 | 6.7 | 53 | 13.7 | 307 | 79.5 | 1 |
B11. D | Appropriately validate prescriptions, ensuring that prescriptions are correctly interpreted and legal | 16 | 4.1 | 41 | 10.6 | 329 | 85.2 | 1 |
B12. D | Dispense devices (e.g. Inhaler or a blood glucose meter) | 11 | 2.8 | 27 | 7 | 348 | 90.2 | 1 |
B13. D | Document and act upon dispensing errors | 50 | 13 | 44 | 11.4 | 292 | 75.6 | 2 |
B14. D | Implement and maintain a dispensing error report system and a ‘near misses’ report system | 43 | 11.1 | 46 | 11.9 | 297 | 76.9 | 2 |
B15. D | Label the medicines (with the required and appropriate information) | 14 | 5.2 | 20 | 3.6 | 352 | 91.2 | 1 |
B16. D | Learn from and act upon previous ‘near misses’ and ‘dispensing errors | 19 | 4.9 | 27 | 7 | 340 | 88.1 | 1 |
Medicines | |||||||
B17. M | Advise patients on proper storage conditions of the medicines and ensure that medicines are stored appropriately (e.g. humidity, temperature, expiry date, etc.) | 17 | 4.9 | 19 | 4.4 | 350 | 90.7 | 1 |
B18. M | Appropriately select medicines formulation and concentration for minor ailments (e.g. diarrhoea, constipation, cough, hay fever, insect bites, etc.) | 33 | 8.5 | 42 | 10.9 | 311 | 80.6 | 1 |
B19. M | Ensure appropriate medicines, route, time, dose, documentation, action, form and response for individual patients | 27 | 7 | 28 | 7.3 | 331 | 85.8 | 1 |
B20. M | Package medicines to optimise safety (ensuring appropriate re-packaging and labelling of the medicines) | 39 | 10.1 | 47 | 12.2 | 300 | 77.7 | 2 |
Monitor medicines therapy | |||||||
B21. MMT | Apply guidelines, medicines formulary system, protocols and treatment pathways | 11 | 4.9 | 19 | 2.9 | 356 | 92.2 | 1 |
B22. MMT | Ensure therapeutic medicines monitoring, impact and outcomes (including objective and subjective measures) | 22 | 5.7 | 26 | 6.7 | 338 | 87.6 | 1 |
B23. MMT | Identify, prioritise and resolve medicines management problems (including errors) | 12 | 3.1 | 19 | 4.9 | 355 | 92 | 1 |
Patient consultation and diagnosis | |||||||
B24. PCD | Apply first aid and act upon arranging follow-up care | 18 | 4.7 | 29 | 7.5 | 339 | 87.8 | 1 |
B25. PCD | Appropriately refer | 14 | 3.6 | 18 | 4.7 | 354 | 91.7 | 1 |
B26. PCD | l Assess and diagnose based on objective and subjective measures | 12 | 3.1 | 21 | 5.4 | 353 | 91.5 | 1 |
B27. PCD | Discuss and agree with the patients the appropriate use of medicines, taking into account patients preferences | 14 | 3.6 | 30 | 7.8 | 342 | 88.6 | 1 |
B28. PCD | Document any intervention (e.g. document allergies, medicines and food, in patient medicines history) | 21 | 5.4 | 43 | 11.1 | 322 | 83.4 | 1 |
B29. PCD | Obtain, reconcile, review, maintain and update relevant patient medication and diseases history | 18 | 4.7 | 28 | 7.3 | 340 | 88.1 | 1 |