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Table 7 Applying our results to the current knowledge: our core learning outcomes presented within the existing domains from [3]

From: The benefits of international volunteering in a low-resource setting: development of a core outcome set

Domain in [3]

Number of COs within this domain

Examples

Clinical skills

12

Ability to use a broader range of clinical skills (e.g. enhancing existing skills and acquiring new clinical skills, greater all round competence)

Increased awareness of/knowledge about tropical diseases

Increased awareness of/knowledge about the cultural aspects of health (e.g. greater understanding of health promotion, how culture affects daily life and professional work, cultural differences in health, the effects of politics on health, sustainable healthcare)

Management skills

16

Ability to be adaptable in leading (e.g. able to lead in complex novel situations, ability to compromise not dictate)

Ability to work within a system with unfamiliar power dynamics

Ability to manage projects

Communication and teamwork

21

Understanding that words and behaviours can have different meanings (e.g. understanding how words are perceived by others, understanding how to speak and behave so as not offend people)

Ability to co-operate (e.g. willingness to see another point of view)

Ability to work as part of a team (e.g. understanding team group norms, perception of roles within the group, managing personal objectives within a group)

Patient experience and dignity

19

Understanding own potential to empower people

Increased respect for other cultures

Appreciation of free universal health (e.g. the NHS system of free healthcare for all, privilege and opportunity, the expectations that are placed on NHS by service users)

Service/policy development and implementation

15

Increased awareness of/knowledge about the positive impact of clinical policies and governance (e.g. understanding the benefits of a comprehensive checklist)

Appreciation of excellent human resource in the NHS (e.g. multidisciplinary teams, HR structures, appreciation of own profession, understanding hierarchy and the importance of each person within it)

Academic skills

9

Ability to dissemination best practice globally

Improvement in teaching skills (e.g. learning new techniques, greater training delivery skills, lecturing skills and small group teaching skills)

Ability to build a global network

Personal satisfaction and interest

16

Ability to develop friendships (e.g. relationship formation skills, developing new friendships)

Refreshment and reinvigoration (e.g. chance to take time away to become refreshed and feel reinvigorated to work upon return)

Can-do attitude