Table 3 Association between intensity of exposure to the ASHA program and maternity service utilization outcomes using a linear probability model
M1 (crude model) | M2 (M1 + other covariates) | M3 (M2 + cluster fixed effects) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | ME* | (95% CI) | N | M | (95% CI) | N | ME | (95% CI) | |
Antenatal care, one visit | 24 763 | − 0.032 | (− 0.067–0.003) | 24 565 | 0.12 | (0.094–0.156)** | 24 565 | 0.17 | (0.118–0.221)** |
Antenatal care, four visits | 24 777 | − 0.215 | (− 0.269–0.162)* | 24 578 | 0.038 | (0.011–0.088) | 24 578 | 0.047 | (− 0.016–0.111) |
Skilled birth attendance | 24 613 | − 0.047 | (− 0.091–0.003)* | 24 420 | 0.200 | (0.163–0.237)** | 24 240 | 0.258 | (0.206–0.310)** |
Birth at a health facility | 24 721 | − 0.029 | (− 0.077–0.020) | 24 519 | 0.245 | (0.204–0.286)** | 24 519 | 0.276 | (0.224–0.328)** |
Estimated marginal effects (ME) are the change in predicted probabilities (95% CI) as a result of receipt of ASHA services, controlling for maternal age, maternal education, caste, religion, parity, socioeconomic status, and rurality *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 | |||||||||