Table 6 Critical success factors for Lean initiation in hospitals

CSF1:

Strategic leadership and organisational attitude

L1: Leadership at all levels in the organisation must drive, live, and demonstrate Lean behaviour.

A2: An organisation implementing Lean must face and embrace the various attitudinal aspects of Lean.

S1: Lean philosophy and principles must be reflected in the organisation’s business strategy.

L2: Lean leadership leads to Lean thinking.

S3: Lean implementation must be driven as a high priority strategic business initiative.

L4: The difference between Lean success and failure starts with leadership.

A1: The mindset and attitude or behaviour of people is fundamental to Lean success.

S2: There must be a clear link between the organisation goals, key objectives, and Lean activities.

CSF2:

Integration of Lean elements, tools, and techniques

I4: The organisation must use all the goals, methods, techniques, and foundation elements of Lean in combination

T4: The application of Lean tools and techniques will ensure Lean success.

CSF3:

Basic stability in operational processes

T3: It is important to understand the organisation’s processes and only apply the Lean tools and techniques applicable to that specific process type.

B4: Stability in operating systems is a pre-requisite for Lean transformation.