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Table 7 Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) non-centrality based fit indices

From: Critical success factors for the successful initiation of Lean in public hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal: a factor analysis and structural equation modelling study

SEM fit index

Recommended cut-off value

Value for this model

Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)

< 0.08 [32, 33]

Some authors allow < 0.10 for a fair/mediocre fit [34]

0.08 5

Comparative fit index (CFI)

≥ 0.95 [35, 36]

0.95 6

Relative or normed chi-square (χ2/df)

< 5 [37]

2.51 3