Table 1 Summary of studies’ results

1. Areas of worklife

 Areas of worklife (high score on Areas of Worklife Scale)

√

√

4 out of 4

2. Workload and staffing levels

 High workload

√

√* (definitive for EE only)

12 out of 13

 Nurse staffing levels (low/inadequate)

√*

12 out of 15

 Time pressure

√* (definitive for EE only)

3 out of 3

3. Job control, reward, values, fairness, community

 Low control over the job

√

√*

5 out of 7

 Low reward

√

√*

3 out of 3

 Low value congruence

√

√* (definitive for EE and DEP)

7 out of 8

4. Shift work and working patterns

 Night work

√

 Overtime

√

 Number of hours worked per week

√

 ≥ 12-h shifts

√*(definitive for EE only)

4 out of 4

 Low schedule flexibility

√* (definitive only for EE)

1 out of 1

5. Demands and job complexity

 Job and psychological demands

√* (definitive for EE only)

8 out of 8

 Low task variety

√*

4 out of 4

 High patient complexity

√*

4 out of 4

 Role conflict

√* (definitive for EE only)

4 out of 4

 Low autonomy

√*

4 out of 6

 Low decision latitude

√

√*

4 out of 4

6. Support factors: working relationships and leadership

 Negative nurse-physician relationship

√*

10 out of 12

 Low supervisor/leader support

√*

12 out of 12

 Leadership styles that are not authentic and transformational

√* (definitive only for EE)

14 out of 14

 Negative team relationship

√*

14 out of 15

7. Work environment and hospital characteristics

 Negative work environment (global scale)

√* (definitive for EE only)

11 out of 11

 Low Structural/organisation empowerment

√* (definitive for EE only)

7 out of 7

 Limited Participation in hospital affairs (including policy and research)

√*

2 out of 3

 No development opportunities

√

 Low pay

√

 High job insecurity

√*

1 out of 1

 Model of nursing care

√

 Specialised hospital/ward type

√

 Magnet hospital

√

8. Staff outcomes and job performance

 Intention to leave

√*

19 out of 19

 Turnover

√

√

 Low job performance

√*

2 out of 2

 Missed care

√***

3 out of 3

 Sickness absence

√

√*

3 out of 4

 Poor general health

√

√* (definitive for EE only)

4 out of 4

 Mental health issues (including depression)

√*

5 out of 5

 Job dissatisfaction

√***

10 out of 11

9. Patient care and outcomes

 Poor quality of care

√*

7 out of 8

 Poor patient safety

√*

5 out of 5

 Adverse events

√*

3 out of 3

 Patient negative experience (including dissatisfaction and verbal abuse)

√*

2 out of 2

 Medication errors

√*

2 out of 2

 Infections

√*

3 out of 3

 Pressure ulcers

√

 Patient falls

√*

2 out of 2