Table 2 Results of pairwise comparisons between groups’ post hoc analyses for questions found to have a significant difference between groups in the chi-square analysis
Category | Question | Pearson X2 (6) | Cramer’s V (Approx. Sig) | Response options | Comparisons of column proportions (z-test) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day Shift | Evening shift | Night shift | Rotating shift | |||||
Physical health | I feel I have a lot of energy (n = 912) | 29.098 | .179 (.000) | Strongly disagree/disagree | 34 (11.6%) | 7 (14.3%) | 13 (44.8%) Day**** Evening* Rotating**** | 68 (12.5%) |
Neutral | 80 (27.4%) | 8 (16.3%) | 5 (17.2%) | 154 (28.4%) | ||||
Strongly agree/agree | 178 (61.0%) | 34 (69.4%) Day* | 11 (38.0%) | 320 (61.1%) | ||||
Physical health | I expect my health to get better (n = 896) | 15.052 | .092 (.020) | Strongly disagree/disagree | 33 (11.5%) | 3 (6.3%) | 6 (22.2%) | 59 (11.0%) |
Neutral | 87 (30.3%) | 11 (22.9%) | 14 (51.9%) | 163 (30.5%) | ||||
Strongly agree/agree | 167 (58.2%) Night** | 34 (70.8%) Night*** | 7 (25.9%) | 312 (58.4%) Night** | ||||
Physical health | Overall, I am satisfied with my health (n = 909) | 15.430 | .092 (.017) | Strongly disagree/disagree | 30 (10.3%) | 3 (6.1%) | 5 (17.2%) | 69 (12.8%) |
Neutral | 64 (21.9%) | 10 (20.4%) | 13 (44.8%) Day* Rotating** | 106 (19.7%) | ||||
Strongly agree/agree | 198 (67.8%) Night** | 36 (73.5%) Night* | 11 (37.9%) | 364 (67.5%) Night** | ||||
Health conditions | Presence of neck /back ache (n = 916) | 22.714 | .111 (.001) | Regular/often/persistent | 79 (27.0%) | 15 (30.6%) | 16 (55.2%) Day** | 196 (36.0%) Day* |
Sometimes/infrequently | 194 (66.2%) Night* | 25 (51.0%) | 12 (41.4%) | 311 (57.1%) | ||||
Never | 20 (6.8%) | 9 (18.4%) Day* Rotating* | 1 (34.4%) | 38 (7.0%) | ||||
Health conditions | Incidence of fatigue or low energy (n = 909) | 12.713 | .084 (.048) | Regular/often/persistent | 63 (21.6%) | 12 (24.5%) | 14 (48.3%) Day** Rotating* | 123 (22.8%) |
Sometimes/infrequently | 204 (70.1%) Night** | 35 (71.4%) | 12 (41.4%) | 371 (68.7%) Night* | ||||
Never | 24 (8.2%) | 2 (4.1%) | 3 (10.3%) | 46 (8.5%) | ||||
Mental/emotional heath | I have high self-esteem/feel happy with myself, I am a happy person (n = 917) | 14.238 | .088 (.027) | Strongly disagree/disagree | 15 (5.1%) | 2 (4.1%) | 5 (17.2%) | 33 (6.0%) |
Neutral | 54 (18.4%) | 6 (12.2%) | 9 (31.0%) | 120 (22.0%) | ||||
Strongly agree/agree | 224 (76.5%) Night* | 41 (83.7%) Night* | 15 (51.7%) | 393 (72.0%) | ||||
Mental/emotional heath | I have a good level of motivation (n = 915) | 16.637 | .095 (.011) | Strongly disagree/disagree | 8 (2.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (10.3%) | 25 (5.0%) |
Neutral | 48 (16.4%) | 8 (16.3%) | 11 (38.0%) Day* Rotating* | 98 (18.0%) | ||||
Strongly agree/agree | 237 (80.9%) Night** | 41 (83.7%) Night* | 15 (51.7%) | 421 (77.4%) Night** | ||||
Mental/emotional heath | I have difficulty falling or staying asleep (n = 912) | 14.622 | 090 (.023) | Strongly disagree/disagree | 147 (50.1%) Night* | 28 (58.3%) Night** | 6 (21.1%) | 253 (46.5%) Night* |
Neutral | 45 (15.5%) | 9 (18.8) | 10 (34.5%) | 98 (18.0%) | ||||
Strongly agree/agree | 99 (30.4%) | 11 (22.9%) | 13 (44.8%) | 193 (35.5%) | ||||
Quality of life | Your physical appearance (n = 916) | 23.572 | .093 (.023) | Terrible | 3 (1.0%) | 1 (2.1%) | 3 (10.3%) Day** | 14 (2.6%) |
Unhappy | 28 (9.6%) | 1 (2.1%) | 3 (10.3%) | 40 (7.3%) | ||||
Mixed | 83 (28.3%) | 9 (18.8%) | 9 (31.0%) | 134 (24.5%) | ||||
Satisfied | 109 (37.2%) | 18 (37.5%) | 11 (38.0%) | 221 (40.5%) | ||||
Happy | 70 (23.9%) | 19 (39.6%) Night* | 3 (10.3%) | 137 (25.1%) | ||||
Heath behavior | I do exercise three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time (n = 917) | 14.221 | .088 (.027) | Never | 23 (7.8%) | 5 (10.2%) | 8 (27.6%) Day** Rotating* | 58 (10.6%) |
Sometimes/infrequently | 154 (52.6%) | 22 (44.9%) | 13 (44.8%) | 298 (54.6%) | ||||
Regular/often/persistent | 116 (39.6%) | 22 (44.9%) | 8 (27.6%) | 190 (34.8%) | ||||
Heath behavior | I get a good sleep at night (7-8 hours of sleep) (n = 912) | 31.503 | .131 (.000) | Never | 25 (8.6%) | 8 (16.3%) | 6 (20.7%) | 60 (11.0%) |
Sometimes/infrequently | 134 (46.2%) | 14 (28.6%) | 20 (69.0%) Evening** | 301 (55.3%) Evening** | ||||
Regular/often/persistent | 131 (45.2%) Night** Rotating** | 27 (55.1%) Night*** Rotating* | 3 (10.3%) | 183 (33.6%) | ||||
Heath behavior | I visit my doctor for routine checkup (n = 914) | 13.116 | .085 (.041) | Never | 18 (61.6%) | 3 (6.1%) | 2 (6.9%) | 36 (66.2%) |
Sometimes/infrequently | 95 (32.5%) | 20 (40.8%) | 11 (37.9%) | 244 (44.9%) Day** | ||||
Regular/often/persistent | 179 (61.3%) Rotating** | 26 (53.1%) | 16 (55.2%)s | 264 (48.5%) | ||||