Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Population

Primary health care workers

Non-primary health care workers (i.e. specialists, consultants researchers)

Intervention

Interventions that aimed to strengthen capacity at the individual level

Interventions aiming to strengthen capacity at organisational or community level

Interventions aiming to build research capacity

Context

Low-income and lower-middle income countries as defined by the World Bank at time of study [26]

High-income and upper-middle income countries at time of study

Outcomes

Studies must have assessed changes in capacity specifically at the level of the individual

Studies which intervened at the individual level, but which only assessed changes outside of the individual level (i.e. organisational or community)

Study design

Studies must have a comparative element assessing capacity at a minimum of two timepoints (i.e. pre–post) or using an experimental design

Non-comparative or cross-sectional designs

Date range

Published from 2000

Published prior to 2000

Publication type

Research article

Conference abstracts, conference proceedings, grey literature, report

Languages

All, though searching was primarily conducted in English