Table 2 The SWOT analysis of the Canadian case

Strengths

Supports workforce innovation responsive to local needs

Umbrella frameworks offer flexibility through overlapping scopes of practice

Weaknesses

Patchwork of approaches and reforms across jurisdictions

Little addresses the structural embeddedness of medical dominance in health professional regulation

Opportunities

Enables the ‘testing’ of innovative models in one province/territory for potential implantation across other jurisdictions

Reforms emphasize interprofessional collaboration

Threats

Lack of a national mechanism for scale up

Regulation of expanded scopes tend to be restrictive and inefficient which can limit access to care