Table 2 Pediatric nurse burnout scores by tool

Author(s)

Number of pediatric nurses

Adaption to the tool

Additional/alternative results

Personal Accomplishment subscale

Depersonalization Subscale

Emotional Exhaustion Subscale

 Adwan [25]

120

No

PA: min-max, 13–48, avg. 38, SD = 5.7 (moderate)

DP: 0–19, avg. 5.8, SD = 4.7 (low)

EE: 5–45, avg. 21, SD = 8.58 (moderate)

 Akman et al. [26]

165

No

PA: high

DP: low

EE: low

Alves and Guirardello [27]

267

Yes

EE only

EE: min-max, 9–39, avg. = 21.5, SD = 6 (moderate)

Aytekin et al. [29]

85

No

PA: min-max, 1–22, avg. = 11.43, SD = 4.63

DP: min-max, 0–13, avg. = 3.87, SD = 2.77

EE: min-max, 3–27, avg. = 14.9, SD = 5.53

Bourbonnais et al. [34]

57

Yes

Separated out EE only

High EE: 20 (35%) Crude Prevalence Ratio: 1.04

Czaja et al. [37]

173

No

46% low PA

38% had high DP

45% had EE

Davis et al. [38]

15

No

PA: 6.67% low, 53.3% mod, 40% high

Dos Santos Alves et al. [39]

267

No

Moderate EE: mean 21.5 (SD ± 6); high EE: 27%

Edmonds et al. [42]

88

No

Pre-intervention: PA: mean 35.9 (6.4), 30.7% low PA

Pre-intervention: DP: mean 6.1(4.8), 25% high

Pre-intervention: EE: mean 22.3 (9.7), 24.1% high

Post-intervention: EE change: mean 2.2 (6.3) Wilcoxon signed-rank 0.007

7-month post-intervention: EE change: mean 2.3 (8.6) Wilcoxon signed-rank 0.004

Favrod et al. [45]

91

No

PA: mean 31.6 (5.5), high = 3.6%, mod. = 35.7%, low = 60.7%

DP: mean 4.8 (4.1), low = 64.3%, mod. = 29.8%, high = 6.0%

EE: mean = 23(9.9), low = 31%, mod = 47.6%, high = 21.4%

Gallagher and Gormley [46]

30

No

PA: low = 16.7%, mod. = 33.3%, high = 50%

DP: low = 63.3%, mod. = 33.3%, high = 3.3%

EE: low = 26.7%, mod. = 46.7%, High = 26.7%

Gauthier et al. [47]

45

No

Pre/post-intervention trends: significant quadratic trajectory of PA in which PA increased at time 2 and decreased at time 3 [F(1, 35) 5.43, P = 0.03], with no significant trends for EE and DP

Baseline: high PA mean 47.29 (7.43)

Baseline: High DP, mean = 13.33 (5.84)

Baseline: High EE, mean = 31.39 (9.85)

Günüşen et al. [48]

117

No

PA: 19.20 (4.18)

DP: 6.14 (2.98),

EE: 18.85 (6.21)

Habadi et al. [49]

22

No

Burnout = 0.55%

Low PA: 36.4%

High DP: 22.7%

High EE: 59%

Hylton et al. [53]

20

No

EE: 39.9 (7.1)

DP: 12.5 (6.2)

EE: 33 (13.8)

Jacobs et al. [54]

47

Yes—used in conjunction with Copenhagen Burnout Inventory

Analysis of subgroup differences between nurses and non-nurses indicated a trend toward nurses reporting higher work-related burnout (39.92 vs. 35.86, P < .067) and client-related burnout (23.88 vs. 18.96, P < .061).

Klein et al. [56]

302

Yes—selection of 10 questions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory: MBI covering each subscale

“I have accomplished many worthwhile things in this job” = 4.32 (4.13–4.50); “I feel very energetic” = 4.11 (3.93–4.28); “In my work, I deal with emotional problems very calmly” = 3.07 (2.83–3.31); “I feel fatigued when I get up in the morning and have to face another day on the job” = 1.91 (1.74–2.08); “I feel emotionally drained from my work” = 1.29 (1.16–1.41); “I feel burned out from my work” = 1.26 (1.13–1.40); “I feel frustrated by my job” = 1.26 (1.14–1.38); “I worry that this job is hardening me emotionally” = 0.89 (0.74–1.04); “I do not really care what happens to some patients” = 0.41 (0.30–0.53); “I feel I treat some patients as if they were impersonal objects” = 0.24 (0.16–0.32)

Lewiston et al. [59]

38

No

9 RNs had burnout greater than the mean (high burnout) and 11 had burnout below the mean (low burnout)

Liakopoulou et al. [61]

71

No

PA mean = 37.8 (5.8)

DP mean = 5.2 (4.9)

EE mean = 27.5 (9.5)

Lin et al. [62]

14

No

PA mean = 34.5 (7.1) (moderate)

DP mean = 3.6 (4.0) (low)

EE mean = 24.2 (15.6) (moderate)

Liu et al. [64]

101

No

mean = 7.09 (3.23) (lower job burnout)

Moussa and Mahmood [71]

55

No

PA: high level burnout 14.5%, low level burnout 85.5%

DP: high level burnout 74.5%, low level burnout 25.5%

EE: high level burnout 56.4%, low level burnout 43.6%;

Mudallal et al. [72]

39

No

PA: mean = 31.23 (12.14)

DP: mean = 12.74 (4.89)

EE: mean = 28.33 (12.63)

Nguyen et al. [75]

78

No

16.7% burned out, 14.1% exhausted, 3.8% depressed, 65.4% healthy

PA = 4.06 (0.61)

DP mean = 2.86 (0.73)

EE mean = 3.12 (0.95)

Oehler and Davidson [76]

121

No

Overall, scores represent moderate EE, DP, and high lack of PA

low PA mean = 36.6, mod PA mean = 32.8, high PA mean = 30.6

low DP mean = 2.7, mod DP mean = 7.2, high DP mean = 11.9

Low EE mean = 12.2, mod EE mean = 24.2, high EE mean = 32.7

Oehler et al. [77]

49

No

PA mean = 32.1 (6.9) (high)

DP mean = 6.9 (4.9) (moderate)

EE mean = 24.1 (10.1) (moderate)

Ohue et al. [78]

27

Yes—revised version of MBI

PA mean = 14.44 (4.26)

DP mean = 12.44 (4.21)

EE mean = 17.44 (3.61)

Paula Vega et al. [98]

153

No

79.7% (n = 122) showed medium to low level of PA, and it was more evident in oncology professionals, as 41% of them showed low PA.

16% (n = 11) had a high level of DP.

48.4% (n = 74) of participants had a medium or high level of EE.

Profit et al. [80]

1 499

Yes—four-item Emotional Exhaustion scale, based on the MBI

Nurses reporting burnout mean = 26.9%, SD = 11.4, P = 0.0004 (based on the authors determined cutoff)

Richter et al. [81]

17

No

Nurses in the pilot study experienced average levels of PA during the pilot phase of the study. No changes across the pre/post-intervention phases.

Nurses in the pilot study experienced low levels of DP and no changes across the pre/post-intervention phases.

Nurses in the pilot study experienced high levels of EE and no changes across the pre/post-intervention phases.

Rochefort and Clarke [83]

339

Yes—only EE subscale

35.7% had EE scores higher than the published norms for medical personnel.

Rodrigues et al. [85]

73

Yes—only EE and DP subscales

DP mean = 6.24 (4.67) (20% have high DP)

EE mean = 24.39 (11.68) (46% have high EE)

Rodrigues et al. [84]

33

Yes—only EE and DP subscales

DP pre: 11.34 (4.66), DP post: 9.25 (3.23)

63% reported high DP at baseline, and 3 months after the intervention, there were still 34% reporting high DP.

EE pre: 32.38 (11.29), EE post: 29.47 (10.52)

73% of our nurses reported high EE at baseline, and 3 months after the intervention, there were still 47% of our nurses reporting high EE.

Rodriguez-Rey et al. [86]

281

No

PA mean = 37.74 (6.88)

DP mean = 6.41 (4.56)

EE mean = 21.74 (9.17)

Skorobogatova et al. [89]

94

No

PA mean = 29.1 (10.12); low levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy and achievement (as components of professional burnout) were found in 61.7%, and moderate levels were found in 23.4% of respondents

DP mean = 3.8 (4.75); moderate levels of DP in 9.6% and high levels in 12.8% of nurses

EE mean = 14.4 (7.91); overall, moderate EE was common in 41.5% and high in 9.6% of neonatal nurses.

Soroush et al. [90]

86

No

Burnout mean = 46.2 (12.5) (mod)

PA mean = 22.6 (5.4 (strong lack of PA))

DP mean = 2.6 (31) (weak)

EE mean = 21.28 (8.1 (mod))

Stimpfel et al. [92]

3 710

No

Nurses who work 8 h shifts: 25% burned out; nurses who work 12 h shifts: 24% burned out; nurses who work > 13 h shifts: 46% burned out

Sun et al. [93]

51

No

14 (27.5%) were positive for burnout, and 37 (72.5%) were negative for burnout.

Sun et al. [94]

277

No

PA mean = 33.88 (2.77)

DP mean = 10.97 (1.67)

EE mean = 21.45 (2.92)

Vicentic et al. [97]

60

No

Nurses/techs for children with CP: PA mean = 36.40 (6.473) (30% low risk, 40% mod risk, 30% high risk)

Nurses/tech for children without CP: PA mean = 36.37 (11.180) (47% low risk, 30% mod risk, 23% high risk)

Nurses/techs for children with CP: DP mean = 4.31 (5.594) (87% low risk, 13% high risk)

Nurses/tech for children without CP: DP mean = 4.47 (4.584) (83% low risk, 17% high risk)

Nurses/techs for children with CP: EE mean = 25.67 (15.043) (33% low risk, 17% mod risk, 50% high risk

Nurses/tech for children without CP: EE mean = 17.57 (10.153)(53% low risk, 30% mod risk, 17% high risk)

Watson and Feld [99]

14

No

PA mean = 34.93 (4.53)

DP mean = 4.86 (4.41)

EE mean = 22.27 (10.31)

Yao et al. [100]

44

No

PA mean = 11.0 (9.7)

DP mean = 7.0 (6.1)

EE mean = 32.8 (15.5)

Zanatta and Lucca [101]

57

No

PA: high 24.6%, mod 52.6%, low 22.8%

DP: high 29.8%, mod 43.9%, low 26.3%

EE: high 24.6%, mod 49.1%, low 26.3%

Low: 26.4% (34)

Moderate: 50.4% (65)

High: 23.3% (30)

Low: 23% (55)

Moderate: 47.7% (114)

High: 29.3 (70)