Table 3 Factors associated with pediatric nurse burnout
From: What is known about paediatric nurse burnout: a scoping review
| Author(s) | Number of pediatric nurses | Factors associated with burnout |
|---|---|---|
| Akman et al. [26] | 165 | Higher EE scores associated with working in emergency and surgery, moderate in internal med, PICU, NICU |
| Low DP scores associated with working in PICU, moderate in all other units | ||
| High PA, high all units. | ||
| Lower level of burnout associated with a high level of job satisfaction, being married, increased age, and decreased number of assigned patients | ||
| Amin et al. [28] | 129 | Higher burnout associated with greater perceived stress |
| Aytekin et al. [29] | 85 | Higher EE scores associated with being unhappy with their work environment |
| Lower EE associated with working at management level in NICU over other NICU nurses | ||
| Lower PA scores associated with longer years worked in the NICU | ||
| Barr [30] | 142 | Core-self evaluations explained 33% variance in burnout |
| Degree of agreeableness, neuroticism, extraversion, and positive affect contributed to variances in burnout | ||
| Positive affect mediated the effect of core self-evaluations on burnout | ||
| Barr [31] | 140 | Higher burnout associated with high neuroticism and low agreeableness and work stress, controlled for personality traits |
| Work stress mediated the effect of neuroticism and extraversion on burnout | ||
| Berger et al. [32] | 239 | Higher burnout and lower compassion satisfaction associated with nurses under 40 years of age, with 6–10 years of experience and/or working in a medical-surgical unit |
| Bilal et al. [33] | 113 | Higher burnout associated with an organizational structure with rules and relations and being a supervisor |
| Lower burnout and burnout prevention associated with participation in decision-making, instrumental communication, and promotional opportunities | ||
| Branch and Klinkenberg [35] | 179 | Higher burnout associated with nursing in PICU over other units |
| Bursch et al. [36] | 115 | Higher EE associated with nurses working most frequently in the PICU relative to those working most frequently in the NICU, those who found communication with nurses more stressful, and having a lack of necessary nursing supplies |
| Lower EE associated with being married or in a domestic partnership relative to respondents who were unmarried and not in a domestic partnership, identifying as Asian/Pacific Islander relative to respondents identifying as White | ||
| Higher DP associated with respondents working day shifts relative to those working the night shift or a mix of day and night shifts, nurses working most frequently in the PICU relative to those working most frequently in the NICU, greater endorsement of stress related to communication among nurses, the experience level of colleagues, staffing, and stress associated with the patient population | ||
| Lower DP associated with respondents working in the NICU relative to those working frequently in the PICU and respondents who reported being married or in a domestic partnership | ||
| Higher PA reported in individuals identifying as White and individuals identifying as Asian/Pacific Islander relative to individuals identifying as others | ||
| Lower PA found in nurses who found their own lack of knowledge, skills and/or confidence in themselves stressful and respondents identifying as being of another ethnicity/race relative to respondents identifying as White | ||
| Czaja et al. [37] | 173 | Lack of burnout or PTSD associated with nurses who generally felt more positively about their work environment, with more confidence in their physician and nurse collogues as well as feeling a part of a team |
| Davis et al. [38] | 15 | Higher PA associated with working in adult oncology over pediatric oncology nurses |
| Dos Santos Alves et al. [39] | 267 | Lower burnout associated with nurses with a perception of having greater autonomy, greater control, good relationships at work, and organizational support, and are more satisfied with the work and the safety climate is assessed as more positive |
| Duxbury et al. [41] | 283 | Higher burnout found in staff nurses who have a head nurse with a leadership style of high structure and low consideration |
| Estabrooks et al. [43] | 844 | Higher EE associated with lower job satisfaction |
| Favrod et al. [45] | 91 | Similar burnout levels in NICU nurses and midwives |
| NICU nurses more likely to reach the severe threshold of the three subscales of burnout than midwives | ||
| NICU nurses reported more traumatic stressors in their working environment | ||
| Gallagher and Gormley [46] | 30 | Higher EE associated with higher DP and low PA, EE still present despite nurses reporting support systems were in place and felt supported |
| Lower EE associated with increased years as a BMT nurse | ||
| Lower DP associated with increased years as a BMT nurse | ||
| Higher PA associated with increased years as a BMT nurse | ||
| Gauthier et al. [47] | 45 | Lower EE associated with self-compassion at time 1 and time 2, but not at time 3 |
| Lower DP associated with elf-compassion at time 1 and time 2, but not at time 3 | ||
| Higher PA associated with self-compassion at all three time points | ||
| All subscales of burnout were correlated with job satisfaction at time 1, but not at time 2 and time 3 | ||
| Lower burnout associated with more years of experience, job satisfaction had a significant positive correlation with stress and burnout only at time 1 | ||
| Holden et al. [51] | 347 | Higher burnout associated with unit-level staffing, task-level external mental workload, and job dissatisfaction |
| Burnout and job dissatisfaction were not significantly associated with the likelihood of medication error | ||
| Klein et al. [56] | 302 | Nurses rated lack of regular staff meetings, dissatisfaction with the quality of the decision-making process, and providing futile treatment as significantly more stressful than physicians did |
| Koivula et al. [57] | 21 | Higher burnout found in nurses with lower education level relative to those with higher education level |
| Latimer et al. [58] | 27 | Higher burnout associated with nurses with less experience |
| Lewiston et al. [59] | 38 | Higher EE associated with cystic fibrosis caregivers compared to controls |
| Higher DP associated with cystic fibrosis caregivers compared to controls | ||
| Equal PA from the job in cystic fibrosis caregivers and the control group | ||
| Lin et al. [63] | 144 | Higher burnout associated with higher work stress (after controlling for the demographics) and depression |
| Occupational burnout had a mediating effect on the relationship between work stress and depression levels | ||
| Maytum et al. [65] | 20 | Factors associated with triggering burnout: seeing too many painful procedures done to children, seeing too much sadness, seeing too much death, angry, yelling families, and non-compliant patients/families |
| Systems triggers: unreasonable policies, staffing shortages, insurance frustrations, paperwork, need to justify their position, and general healthcare system dysfunction | ||
| Role-specific triggers: lack of support, feeling you are on your own, less respondents cited unclear expectations, change in role and lack of challenge | ||
| Work overload: excessive demands of work | ||
| Personal triggers becoming overly involved or crossing professional boundaries | ||
| Factors associated with coping with burnout: short-term—self-care (exercise, meditation, journaling), fun/humor, non-work relationships; long-term personal coping strategies—developing a personal philosophy and faith and engaging in self-analysis | ||
| Short-term work-related coping strategies: developing supportive and honest professional relationships, need for their work to be congruent with their professional philosophy and interest | ||
| Messmer et al. [67] | 33 | Higher burnout associated with lower satisfaction and position |
| Lower burnout associated with nurses who would recommend their career to others relative to those who would recommend their career with reservation | ||
| Meyer et al. [16] | 251 | Higher burnout predicated by current stress exposure after controlling for pre-existing stress exposure |
| Morrison Wylde et al. [70] | 95 | Lower burnout associated with “acting with awareness” at time 2 |
| Moussa and Mahmood [71] | 55 | Higher EE associated with lack of access to work information |
| Lower EE associated with nurses increased age, length of professional experience, and experience on the unit | ||
| Lower DP associated with nurses increased age, length of professional experience, and experience on the unit | ||
| Higher PA associated with nurses increased age, length of professional experience, and experience on the unit | ||
| Murphy-Oikonen et al. [73] | 14 | Higher burnout and frustration when caring for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome |
| Neumann et al. [74] | 238 | Lower EE associated with caring for both pediatric and adult patients had lower relative to those who just cared for adults only |
| Oehler and Davidson [76] | 121 | Higher and more frequent burnout found in acute pediatric nurses relative to non-acute pediatric nurses |
| Higher burnout associated with increased job stress, workload, conflict with physicians, and uncertainty regarding treatment | ||
| Oehler et al. [77] | 49 | Higher EE predicted by job stress, trait anxiety, and experience on the current unit and explained 55% of the variance |
| Higher DP predicted by job stress and total work experience | ||
| Lower PA predicted by level of supervisor support and state anxiety | ||
| Ohue et al. [78] | 27 | Higher PA found in nurses in the pediatrics and outpatient departments relative to those of the nurses in the obstetrics and gynecology departments |
| Pagel and Wittmann [79] | 74 | Higher burnout related to higher reporting of the variable “percentage of children on a unit with social of behavioral problems” |
| Rochefort and Clarke [83] | 339 | Lower EE associated with higher ratings of nurse staffing and resource adequacy |
| Rodrigues et al. [85] | 73 | Higher EE associated with greater time on the unit (moderate effect), nurses concern that current standards of care inhibit optimal pain management, negative views of the hospital environment (large effect), barriers to optimal pain management (moderate effect), lower self-efficacy (moderate effect), and moral distress (moderate effect) |
| Burnout associated with expressions of exhaustion, frustration, overburden of their workload, and the hopelessness in working with chronically ill pediatric patients, issues about self-efficacy regarding patient outcomes | ||
| Sekol and Kim [88] | 240 | Higher burnout found in those with 5–9 years of experience working on the surgical unit |
| Lower burnout associated with working on the hematolgy/oncology unit, nursing experience of > 20 years, and all levels of experience if working on the hematolgy/oncology unit | ||
| Soroush et al. [90] | 86 | Higher burnout associated with low clinical competency |
| Squires et al. [91] | 735 | Higher DP associated with lower application of research information in the work context |
| Stimpfel et al. [92] | 3 710 | Higher burnout associated with nurses who worked the longest shifts relative to those working shorter, 8-h shifts |
| Sun et al. [94] | 277 | Higher burnout in nurses who worked in obstetrics and gynecology units relative to nurses who worked in the surgery and pediatric units, in that order |
| Tawfik et al. [95] | 1 374 | Higher burnout associated with an average number of daily admissions of the NICU |
| Tawfik et al. [96] | 1 464 | Higher burnout in understaffed units |
| Vicentic et al. [97] | 60 | Higher EE associated with higher anxiety and depression variables and higher risk of EE for those who care for children with CP than those who care for children without CP |
| Zanatta and Lucca [101] | 57 | Higher EE associated with being married and having health problems related to work |