Table 1 Meta-analysis of depression among HCWs in the EMR
Studied subgroups | Years of data collection | Number of prevalence measures | Total sample size | Prevalence range (%) | Effect size | Subgroup Comparison | Heterogeneity between studies | Â | Â | Â |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weighted average prevalence (%) | 95% CI | Q between subgroup tests p value | Cochrane Q test's p value | I2 (%) | 95% prediction intervala | |||||
EMR | ||||||||||
 All countries (Egypt, Iran, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates) | 2005–2020 | 94 | 26,029 | 2.40–99.90 | 33.03 | 27.40–39.19 | N/A |  < 0.0001 | 98.80 | 3.53–86.94 |
By period | ||||||||||
 < 2011 | 2005–2010 | 23 | 5810 | 2.40–81.81 | 25.80 | 17.84–35.76 | 0.3860 |  < 0.0001 | 98.00 | 3.05–79.34 |
 2011–2019 | 2011–2019 | 38 | 10,682 | 2.51–92.90 | 33.87 | 25.05–43.99 |  |  < 0.0001 | 98.90 | 3.26–88.61 |
 2020 | 2020 | 10 | 3363 | 24.00–99.90 | 46.12 | 21.30–73.02 |  |  < 0.0001 | 99.50 | 1.02–98.61 |
Sex | ||||||||||
 Females | 2012–2017 | 5 | 1285 | 2.90–53.80 | 23.35 | 8.24–50.82 | 0.1154 |  < 0.0001 | 97.30 | 8.24–50.82 |
 Males | 2017–2018 | 3 | 310 | 26.70–57.10 | 53.43 | 27.43–77.69 |  |  < 0.0001 | 90.60 | 0.00–100.00 |
Profession | ||||||||||
 Health Care Workers | 2010–2020 | 12 | 3814 | 25.00–99.90 | 55.22 | 33.14–75.41 | 0.2261 |  < 0.0001 | 99.40 | 3.03–97.99 |
 Doctors | 2008–2020 | 17 | 3368 | 6.10–85.30 | 36.27 | 24.70–49.69 |  |  < 0.0001 | 97.90 | 4.46–87.42 |
 Residents | 2012–2020 | 26 | 7003 | 1.70–81.81 | 32.78 | 22.08–45.63 |  |  < 0.0001 | 98.80 | 2.66–89.68 |
 Nurses | 2005–2020 | 49 | 11,942 | 2.40–92.90 | 26.87 | 20.67–34.12 |  |  < 0.0001 | 98.30 | 3.07–80.97 |
 EMTs | 2017–2019 | 2 | 344 | 26.70–41.00 | 32.89 | 23.63–43.71 |  | 0.0073 | 72.00 | N/A |
 Allied Health Staff | 2008–2020 | 3 | 428 | 7.80–63.20 | 26.39 | 7.97–59.74 |  |  < 0.0001 | 96.80 | 0.00–100.00 |
Specialty | ||||||||||
 Internal Medicine | 2013–2017 | 3 | 419 | 3.00–46.00 | 20.54 | 4.42–59.10 | 0.0001 |  < 0.0001 | 96.40 | 0.00–100.00 |
 Surgery | 2013–2017 | 3 | 178 | 1.70–70.60 | 12.66 | 1.16–64.11 |  |  < 0.0001 | 92.70 | 0.00–100.00 |
 Obstetrics & Gynecology | 2013 | 1 | 20 | 12.00 | 10.00 | 2.51–32.38 |  | N/A | N/A | N/A |
 Family Medicine | 2014–2016 | 2 | 279 | 20.00–22.00 | 20.43 | 16.10–25.57 |  | 0.7560 | 0.00 | N/A |
 Emergency Medicine | 2014–2016 | 3 | 403 | 31.40–81.81 | 53.14 | 26.63–77.99 |  |  < 0.0001 | 96.00 | 0.00–100.00 |
 Radiology | 2017 | 1 | 45 | 2.20 | 2.22 | 0.31–14.16 |  | N/A | N/A | N/A |