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Table 3 Meta-analysis of depression among HCWs in the EMR by country and profession

From: Depression among healthcare workers in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Studied subgroups

Years of data collection

Number of prevalence measures

Total sample size

Prevalence range (%)

Effect size

Subgroup Comparison

  

Heterogeneity between studies

 

Weighted average prevalence (%)

95% CI

Q between subgroup tests p value

Cochrane Q test's p value

I2 (%)

95% prediction intervala

EMR

 All countries (Egypt, Iran, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates)

2005–2020

94

26,029

1.70–99.90

33.03

27.40–39.19

N/A

 < 0.0001

98.80

3.53–86.94

Egypt

          

 All professions

2013–2018

10

2507

20.00–92.90

55.69

41.74–68.79

N/A

 < 0.0001

97.50

12.98–91.37

 Doctors

2016

2

961

52.00–65.40

58.92

49.34–67.88

0.0716

 < 0.0001

88.70

N/A

 Residents

2013–2018

4

641

20.00–59.52

40.06

25.51–56.61

 

 < 0.0001

92.40

2.80–93.94

 Nurses

2013–2016

4

645

45.00–92.90

69.16

46.25–85.39

 

 < 0.0001

95.90

2.32–99.53

 All specialties

No data

         

Iran

          

 All professions

2005–2020

44

11,436

2.90–99.90

29.61

22.16–38.33

N/A

 < 0.0001

98.60

2.87–85.67

 Health care workers

2010–2020

4

670

43.4. –99.90

87.40

25.69–99.29

0.1089

0.0027

99.30

0.00–100.00

 Doctors

2020

1

127

26.80

26.77

19.80–35.13

 

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Residents

2014–2015

2

2449

31.20–81.81

58.60

22.26–87.50

 

 < 0.0001

98.60

N/A

 Nurses

2005–2020

36

7961

2.90–89.25

23.84

18.74–29.83

 

 < 0.0001

96.70

4.58–67.14

 Allied health staff

2020

1

229

24.00

24.02

18.92–29.97

 

N/A

N/A

N/A

 All specialties

2005–2020

44

11,436

2.90–99.90

29.61

22.16–38.33

N/A

 < 0.0001

98.60

2.87–85.67

 Emergency medicine

2014–2015

1

198

81.81

81.82

75.82–86.59

 < 0.0001

N/A

N/A

N/A

Lebanon

          

 All Professions

2013

4

171

8.00–46.00

22.98

9.93–44.69

N/A

0.0062

81.30

0.41–95.63

 Residents

2013

3

80

8.00–46.00

17.75

5.46–44.65

0.0081

0.0026

73.70

0.00–100.00

 Nurses

2013

1

91

36.20

36.26

27.07–46.59

 

N/A

N/A

N/A

 All specialties

2013

4

171

8.00–46.00

22.98

9.93–44.69

N/A

0.0062

81.30

0.41–95.63

 Internal medicine

2013

1

35

46.00

45.71

30.22–62.09

0.0062

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Surgery

2013

1

25

8.00

8.00

2.01–26.94

 

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Obestetrics & Gynecology

2013

1

20

12.00

10.00

2.51–32.38

 

N/A

N/A

N/A

Oman

          

 All professions

2017

4

531

1.70–11.40

3.75

1.54–8.84

N/A

0.0023

69.9

0.09–61.61

 Residents

2017

4

531

1.70–11.40

3.75

1.54–8.84

N/A

0.0023

69.9

0.09–61.61

 All specialties

2017

4

531

1.70–11.40

3.75

1.54–8.84

N/A

0.0023

69.9

0.09–61.61

 Internal Medicine

2017

1

235

3.00–11.40

2.98

1.43–6.11

0.0023

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Surgery

2017

1

119

1.70

1.68

0.42–6.47

 

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Radiology

2017

1

45

2.2

2.22

0.31–14.16

 

N/A

N/A

N/A

Pakistan

          

  All professions

2008–2020

11

2196

6.10–85.30

31.69

18.75–48.26

N/A

 < 0.0001

97.80

2.89–87.86

 Health care workers

2020

3

882

27.30–34.60

31.42

28.00–35.05

0.0081

0.1375

24.00

10.20–64.88

 Doctors

2008–2018

6

1209

6.10–85.30

27.53

9.87–56.85

 

 < 0.0001

97.40

0.37–97.46

 Residents

2020

1

35

39.90

40.00

25.32–56.73

 

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Nurses

Not reported

1

70

51.40

51.43

39.85–62.85

 

N/A

N/A

N/A

 All specialties

No data

         

Saudi Arabia

          

 All professions

2012–2020

19

4211

7.10–70.60

35.70

26.96–45.51

N/A

 < 0.0001

96.80

7.62–78.90

 Health Care Workers

2013–2020

2

527

35.47–52.20

42.39

31.33–54.27

0.3543

0.0032

76.50

N/A

 Doctors

2015–2016

6

812

22.00–47.00

35.69

28.87–43.15

 

0.0002

76.20

16.50–60.93

 Residents

2012–2018

6

610

19.90–70.60

46.34

27.55–66.22

 

 < 0.0001

94.40

4.30–94.32

 Nurses

2014–2017

3

1918

7.10–53.80

17.78

5.15–46.27

 

 < 0.0001

98.90

0.00–100.00

 EMTs

2017–2019

2

344

26.70–41.00

32.89

23.63–43.71

 

0.0073

72.00

N/A

 All specialties

2012–2020

19

4211

7.10–70.60

35.70

26.96–45.51

N/A

 < 0.0001

96.80

7.62–78.90

 Internal medicine

Not reported

1

149

40.20

40.27

32.70–48.33

 < 0.0001

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Surgery

2017

1

34

70.60

70.59

53.44–83.39

 

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Emergency medicine

2015–2016

2

205

31.40–41.00

34.63

28.44–41.40

 

0.1666

0.00

N/A

 Family medicine

2015–2016

1

69

22.00

21.74

13.55–32.98

 

N/A

N/A

N/A

UAE

          

 All professions

2008–2016

5

727

7.80–65.50

44.2

22.60–68.25

N/A

 < 0.0001

97.00

1.62–97.45

 Residents

2012–2016

4

634

50.00–65.50

58.47

51.15–65.43

 < 0.0001

0.0066

63.9

29.95–82.25

 Allied Health Staff

2008

1

93

7.80

7.53

3.63–14.96

 

N/A

N/A

N/A

 All specialties

No data

         
  1. EMT Emergency Medical Technician
  2. aOnly calculated when 3 or more data points available
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