Table 2 Details of primary research studies
S. # | Author/s, year | Purpose | Design | Sample/participants | Sex % | Data collection | Frameworks | Country/ies | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | F | ||||||||
1. | Dhatt et al. 2017 [1] | Examine the realities, challenges, and opportunities of women's leadership in global health | Mixed methods | 64 Health workers | 39 | 61 | In-depth interviews and data from international organizations | Thematic analysis | Zimbabwe |
2. | Witter et al. 2017 [7] | Understand gender influences on the health workforce in four fragile and post-conflict contexts | Mixed methods | 965 Physicians, medical assistance, nurses, midwives and others | 44 | 56 | Survey, document review, in-depth interviews and key informant interviews | Gender analysis framework | Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe |
3. | Ag Ahmed et al. 2020 [12] | Identify and understand the factors related to shortage and poor retention of skilled health workers in rural health districts of Kayes, Mali | Qualitative | 46 5 Physicians 35 Nurses 6 Decision-makers | 59 | 41 | In-depth interviews | Thematic analysis | Mali |
4. | Alameddin et al. 2016 [13] | Soliciting and synthesizing the voice of PHC and community stakeholders on the HRH recruitment and retention strategies | Qualitative | 22 Policy and decision-makers | 36 | 64 | Key informant interviews | Thematic analysis | Lebanon |
5. | Qarani et al. 2018 [16] | Determined challenges faced by the nursing administration at 17 public hospitals in Kabul | Cross-sectional | 86 Nurse mangers and head nurses | 79 | 21 | Survey | None | Afghanistan |
6. | Witter. S et al. 2017 [44] | Insights from staff remained in services in FCASs; draw lessons to enhancing staff and health system’s resilience | Qualitative | 128 Physicians, nurses, midwives, others | 27 | 73 | Life histories and in-depth interviews | Thematic analysis | Zimbabwe and Sierra Leone |
7. | Witter et al. 2018 [45] | Examine patterns in expressed motivation to join the profession across different settings and cadres to explain their retention | Qualitative | Health Care Providers 103 (F:77, M:26) | 25 | 75 | Life histories | Thematic analysis | Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe |
8. | Wurie et al. 2016 [46] | Investigate the importance of different motivation factors in rural areas in Sierra Leone to contribute to better decisions on financial and non-financial incentive packages | Qualitative | 23 Physicians, nurses, midwives, and community health officers | 48 | 52 | In-depth interviews | Thematic analysis | Sierra Leone |
9. | Bertone et al. 2018 [47] | Explore how has HRH recruitment policies changed in Timor-Leste (1999–2018), the drivers of change, and their contribution to rebuilding an appropriate health workforce after conflict | Qualitative | 20 HRH policy-makers | 85 | 15 | Policy analysis and key informant interviews | Thematic | Timor-Leste |
10. | Hou et al. 2016 [48] | Understand the labor market dynamics among health workers, including their preferences and concerns, especially regarding their revenues and rural jobs | Cross-sectional | 443 175 Physicians 150 Nurses 118 Midwives | 42 69 0 | 58 31 100 | Survey | Descriptive | Timor-Leste |
11 | Gupta & Alfano, 2011 [49] | Investigated gender differences in health workers’ access to non-pecuniary benefits across countries | Cross-sectional | 2630 Nurses and midwives Physician | 13 69 | 87 31 | Survey | None | Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, Mozambique and Zimbabwe |
12. | Russo et al. 2015 [50] | Analyzed the proportion and characteristics of female physicians and implications of the medical workforce’s feminization | Secondary data | 331 Physicians | 54 | 46 | Primary survey data, secondary analysis | None | Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique |
13. | Mashange et al. 2019 [51] | Examine the implementation of deployment policies in Zimbabwe before, during and after the crisis in order to analyze the actual practices used by managers to cope with the crisis | Respective qualitative | 95 17 KI 11Managers 67 HWs | 59 64 37 | 41 36 63 | In-depth interview Life histories Document analysis | Thematic analysis | Zimbabwe |
14. | Jaeger et al. 2018 [52] | Identify challenges and opportunities -in daily work, including factors that influence motivation and social well-being of the healthcare workers | Qualitative | 8 Nurses | 62 | 38 | In-depth interviews and observations | Thematic analysis | Chad |
15. | Squires et al. 2006 [53] | Determine nurses’ priorities for health system reconstruction and the development of the nursing profession | Cross-sectional | 744 Nurses | 48 | 52 | Survey | Thematic analysis for qualitative comments | Iraq |
16. | Squires et al. 2010 [54] | Determine the priorities for health system reconstruction among Iraqi physicians | Cross-sectional | 1001 Physicians | 71 | 29 | Survey | None | Iraq |
17. | Attieh et al. 2018 [55] | Examined residents' and program directors' opinions on motherhood during the residency program | Cross-sectional | 98 Residents 22 Program directors | 0 82 | 100 18 | Survey | None | Lebanon |
18. | Alameddine et al. 2020 [56] | Gain insight into the reasons behind the emigration of Lebanese nurses and understand whether emigration is temporary versus permanent and/or reversible versus irreversible | Cross-sectional | 136 Nurses | 43 | 57 | Survey | Descriptive | Lebanon |