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Table 1 Path of regulatory institutions in India (1912 - 2020)

From: The impact of colonial-era policies on health workforce regulation in India: lessons for contemporary reform

 

Regulatory Institution

Provincial Medical Councils, Various Provinces in British India

Medical Council of India (1933)

Medical Council of India (1956)

National Medical Commission

Legislation/Act

Provincial Medical Act by respective provinces in British India

The Indian Medical Council Act, 1933

The Indian Medical Council Act, 1956

The National Medical Commission Act, 2019

Year of Inception

1912–1936

1934

1956

2020

Statutory Regulatory Body

Provincial Medical Council in most provinces with a Medical College

Medical Council of India (MCI) set up in 1934

Medical Council of India—1956

National Medical Commission (NMC)

Composition of Regulatory Body

President nominated by provincial government, members

Elected and Nominated from among medical professionals

President—elected from among members

One member from each province—nominated by central government

One member from each university with a medical faculty

One member from each province with a medical council

Four members nominated by central government

President—elected from among members

One member from each state nominated by central government

One member from each university with medical faculty

One member from each province, where a medical register is maintained

Seven elected members from among medical professionals

Eight members nominated by Central Government

A chairperson appointment by central government

10 ex officio members mostly from medical institution under direct jurisdiction of central government

22 part time members—nominated from among the nominees of state government and state medical councils, university and imminent medical professionals

Secretary appointed by the central government

Functions of Regulatory Body

Registration and maintenance of register of medical practitioners

Supervision of medical standard and examination

Disciplinary control of medical practice

Guidance to provincial government on medical education

Maintenance of uniform standard of higher education

Oversight of examination

Establish reciprocity of medical qualifications

Recognition of medical qualification from outside based on reciprocity

Recognition of medical qualification by medical institutions within India and other countries as part of reciprocity

Registration of medical practitioners and maintaining Indian Medical Register

Maintaining standard of medical course, examination

Post-graduate and higher medical education

Disciplinary action against registered practitioners

Quality and standard of medical education

Regulation of medical institutions, medical research and medical professionals

Assess requirement human resource and develop roadmap

Professional ethics and promoting ethical conduct

Regulating fee of private colleges

Other functions as required

Minimum Qualification for Registration and practice

All graduates of medical colleges and Universities in British India/institution outside India as per GMC, UK

All licentiate, diploma awarded by different institutions/board in Provinces

All graduates in medicine from Indian university/ institution outside India under reciprocity arrangement

Licentiate of Medicine and Surgery only from Bombay, Calcutta and Madras were included

MBBS awarded from recognised institution/university in India and from institution outside India under reciprocity arrangement

MBBS awarded from recognised institution/university in India and Institute/outside India may apply for recognition

Qualification awarding institutions

Medical colleges/universities in British India

Medical institution in other selected countries as per Schedule 2

Diploma and certificate by Provincial Government medical schools and other examination boards, councils, or universities

Medical colleges/universities within India

Selected universities from outside India

Medical colleges/universities in India

Selected universities from outside India

Medical colleges/universities in India

Selected Universities from outside India if approved/recognised by the NMC