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Table 3 Number of steps and distance traveled during the shift according to nurses’ general characteristics

From: Nurses’ steps, distance traveled, and perceived physical demands in a three-shift schedule

Characteristics

Number of steps during the shift (1000 steps)

   

Distance traveled during the shift (1000 m)

   
 

Day (n = 117)

Evening (n = 117)

Night (n = 117)

All shifts (N = 351)

Day (n = 117)

Evening (n = 117)

Night (n = 117)

All shifts (N = 351)

 

M ± SD

   

M ± SD

   

Unit type

        

 Medical warda

8.66 ± 2.53

8.51 ± 2.58

7.07 ± 2.68

8.08 ± 2.10

5.28 ± 1.56

5.18 ± 1.62

4.31 ± 1.71

4.92 ± 1.33

 Surgical wardb

8.00 ± 3.08

7.14 ± 2.86

6.32 ± 2.91

7.15 ± 2.59

4.96 ± 1.97

4.42 ± 1.85

3.94 ± 1.84

4.44 ± 1.68

 Intensive care unitc

10.97 ± 3.27

10.20 ± 2.94

9.66 ± 3.48

10.28 ± 2.87

6.91 ± 2.17

6.48 ± 1.95

6.09 ± 2.15

6.49 ± 1.86

 Emergency roomd

11.40 ± 4.55

12.91 ± 4.96

11.10 ± 4.70

11.80 ± 4.22

6.67 ± 2.81

8.10 ± 3.49

6.85 ± 2.94

7.20 ± 2.51

 F/H/U(p)

16.8 (< .001)

33.0 (< .001)

28.4 (< .001)

33.0 (< .001)

15.5 (.001)

32.6 (< .001)

28.9 (< .001)

33.4 (< .001)

 Bonferroni

a, b < d, b < c

a, b, c < d, b < c

a, b < c, a, b < d

 

a, b < c, b < d

a, b c < d, b < c

a, b < c, d

 

Age (year)

        

 22–24a

10.97 ± 3.80

10.60 ± 4.26

10.01 ± 3.77

10.86 ± 3.50

6.57 ± 2.39

7.28 ± 3.01

6.19 ± 2.40

6.68 ± 2.13

 25–27b

9.94 ± 3.07

8.72 ± 3.34

8.31 ± 3.65

8.99 ± 2.87

6.10 ± 1.88

5.40 ± 2.15

5.18 ± 2.25

5.56 ± 1.79

 ≥ 28c

7.91 ± 3.69

8.33 ± 3.72

6.88 ± 4.14

7.71 ± 3.60

4.97 ± 2.45

5.19 ± 2.38

4.28 ± 2.62

4.81 ± 2.32

 F/H/U(p)

14.7(< .001)

17.7(< .001)

16.8(< .001)

19.2(< .001)

12.0(.003)

15.9(< .001)

16.4(< .001)

17.9(< .001)

 Bonferroni

a, b > c

a > b, c

a > c

 

a > c

a > b, c

a > c

 

Education

        

 Associate degree

9.10 ± 3.50

8.55 ± 3.97

6.73 ± 3.61

8.13 ± 3.35

5.55 ± 2.09

5.15 ± 2.43

4.12 ± 2.17

4.94 ± 2.02

 Bachelor’s degree or higher

9.90 ± 3.76

9.92 ± 4.07

8.89 ± 4.01

9.57 ± 3.55

6.04 ± 2.36

6.22 ± 2.75

5.53 ± 2.52

5.93 ± 2.20

 F/H/U(p)

886.0 (.369)††

811.0 (.141)††

684.0 (.015)††

745.0 (.049)††

− 0.8 (.424)

783.0 (.092)††

687.5 (.016)††

726.0 (.035)††

Unit experience (year)

        

 < 1a

11.58 ± 3.78

11.74 ± 4.12

10.86 ± 3.93

11.39 ± 3.43

7.18 ± 2.36

7.32 ± 2.78

6.67 ± 2.41

7.05 ± 2.15

 1 ≤  < 3b

10.19 ± 3.46

9.94 ± 4.15

8.81 ± 4.03

9.65 ± 3.46

6.04 ± 2.16

6.24 ± 2.85

5.53 ± 2.59

5.94 ± 2.09

 ≥ 3c

7.52 ± 2.72

7.45 ± 2.60

6.02 ± 2.31

6.99 ± 3.46

4.68 ± 1.78

4.61 ± 1.70

3.73 ± 1.48

4.34 ± 1.42

 F/H/U(p)

24.0 (< .001)

21.8 (< .001)

29.8 (< .001)

32.1 (< .001)

22.6 (< .001)

20.3 (< .001)

29.3 (< .001)

31.7 (< .001)

 Bonferroni

a, b > c

a, b > c

a > b, c, b > c

 

a < b, c, b > c

a, b > c

a, b > c

 
  1. Kruskal–Wallis test, ††Mann–Whitney test, M = mean, SD = standard deviation
  2. a, b, c, and d were indicated for group comparison of the Bonferroni test