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Table 3 Logistic stepwise regression analysis for the association with exposure to WPV toward emergency physicians

From: Prevalence and predictors of workplace violence against emergency physicians in China: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Any type of WPV*

Physical violence

Nonphysical violence

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

Socioeconomic development level (Ref: high)

     

 Medium

1.20 (1.04–1.37)

0.011

1.02 (0.91–1.14)

0.780

1.19 (1.04–1.36)

0.011

 Low

0.75 (0.65–0.87)

< 0.001

0.88 (0.77–1.01)

0.065

0.77 (0.66–0.88)

< 0.001

Geographic region (Ref: eastern China)

     

 Central China

  

1.23 (1.09–1.38)

0.001

  

 Western China

  

1.30 (1.16–1.46)

< 0.001

  

Age, years (Ref: < 45)

      

 â‰¥â€‰45

  

1.32 (1.19–1.47)

< 0.001

  

Sex (Ref: male)

      

Female

0.75 (0.66–0.85)

< 0.001

0.50 (0.46–0.54)

< 0.001

0.74 (0.66–0.85)

< 0.001

Education level (Ref: associate’s degree or vocational diploma#)

   

 Bachelor degree

1.31 (1.04–1.64)

0.020

1.14 (0.98–1.32)

0.095

1.29 (1.04–1.62)

0.023

 Master degree or higher

1.04 (0.81–1.35)

0.751

0.98 (0.83–1.16)

0.833

1.07 (0.83–1.38)

0.605

 Level of hospital (Ref: others)

      

 Secondary hospital

3.14 (2.24–4.39)

< 0.001

1.53 (1.16–2.02)

0.003

3.35 (2.41–4.65)

< 0.001

 Tertiary hospital

3.55 (2.54–4.96)

< 0.001

1.58 (1.20–2.08)

0.001

3.82 (2.76–5.29)

< 0.001

Professional title (Ref: elementary or below)

     

 Intermediate

1.45 (1.26–1.67)

< 0.001

1.18 (1.08–1.27)

< 0.001

1.45 (1.26–1.66)

< 0.001

 Senior

1.39 (1.17–1.64)

< 0.001

1.27 (1.13–1.43)

< 0.001

1.39 (1.18–1.64)

< 0.001

Income status (Ref: high)

      

 Middle

1.25 (1.05–1.48)

0.014

1.05 (0.93–1.17)

0.436

1.26 (1.06–1.49)

0.010

 Low

1.26 (1.05–1.52)

0.014

1.36 (1.20–1.53)

< 0.001

1.25 (1.04–1.50)

0.017

Shift work (Ref: yes)

      

 No

0.37 (0.32–0.44)

< 0.001

0.52 (0.46–0.58)

< 0.001

0.38 (0.32–0.44)

< 0.001

BMI, kg/m2 (Ref: < 18.5)

      

 18.5–< 24.0

  

1.32 (1.07–1.63)

0.008

  

 24.0–< 28.0

  

1.38 (1.12–1.71)

0.003

  

 â‰¥â€‰28.0

  

1.41 (1.12–1.77)

0.003

  

History of hypertension (Ref: no)

      

 Yes

1.52 (1.26–1.85)

< 0.001

1.39 (1.26–1.54)

< 0.001

1.51 (1.25–1.82)

< 0.001

History of diabetes (Ref: no)

      

 Yes

  

1.29 (1.07–1.55)

0.008

  

History of CHD (Ref: no)

      

 Yes

1.64 (1.06–2.52)

0.025

2.22 (1.77–2.78)

< 0.001

1.73 (1.12–2.65)

0.013

Smoking status (Ref: nonsmokers)

      

 Smokers

1.20 (1.01–1.42)

0.038

  

1.22 (1.03–1.44)

0.020

Alcohol drinking (Ref: nondrinkers)

      

 Drinkers

1.25 (1.07–1.47)

0.004

1.17 (1.08–1.28)

< 0.001

1.22 (1.05–1.43)

0.009

Having preventive measures of WPV (Ref: yes)

     

 No

1.24 (1.07–1.45)

0.005

1.32 (1.21–1.43)

< 0.001

1.27 (1.10–1.48)

0.002

Having preventive training of WPV (Ref: yes)

     

 No

1.58 (1.38–1.80)

< 0.001

1.12 (1.02–1.22)

0.012

1.54 (1.35–1.76)

< 0.001

Encouraging to report WPV (Ref: yes)

     

 No

1.99 (1.73–2.30)

< 0.001

1.20 (1.11–1.3)

< 0.001

2.00 (1.75–2.30)

< 0.001

  1. BMI: body mass index; CHD: coronary heart disease; CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratios; WPV: workplace violence
  2. ∗Includes those who experienced only physical, only nonphysical, or both types of workplace violence
  3. #Physicians who had acquired associate’s degree or vocational diploma. An associate’s degree required 3 years of education in college after graduation from senior middle school (grade year 10 to year 12) or 5 years of education in college after graduation from junior middle school (grade year 7 to year 9). A vocational diploma required 2 years of education in vocational school after graduation from senior middle school or 3 years of education in vocational school after graduation from junior middle school