Table 1 Outcomes framework for the systematic review

1. Impacts of the pandemic on health worker education

1.1 Disruption to clinical training

1.2 Disruption of career plans

1.3 Mental health of learners: scaled anxiety, depression, burnout, and insomnia

2. Policy and management responses to those impacts

2.1 Transition to online or blended learning

 • Theoretical courses

 • Practical courses

 • Clinical experience

 • Conferences

 • Interviews

2.2 Training on COVID-19 specific protocols

2.3 Online assessment

2.4 Volunteerism initiatives

2.5 Early graduation, other policies and responses

3. Outcomes of policy responses

3.1 Online and blended learning

 • Satisfaction

 • Preference during the pandemic

 • Preference for the future

3.2 Online assessment

 • Scores and performance

 • Learner and faculty perceptions (satisfaction and preference)

3.3 Intention to participate and participation of learners in volunteering activities