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Table 8 Preference of health worker learners for the virtual-only educational format by subgroups

From: Health worker education during the COVID-19 pandemic: global disruption, responses and lessons for the future—a systematic review and meta-analysis

Explanation of outcome

Subgroup

n

N

Pooled proportion (%)

Lower confidence interval (%)

Higher confidence interval (%)

I2 (%)

P-value for subgroup difference

Learner preference for online education by ISCO group

Medical doctors

137

71 195

33.9

30.4

37.6

98.9

0.406

Nursing professionals

11

2 461

30.2

21.1

40.3

95.7

Dentists

31

8 864

30.3

23.8

37.2

97.7

Pharmacists

9

1 858

20.6

6.3

40.1

98.8

Learner preference for online education by level of training

Undergraduate

146

62 459

29.5

26.5

32.6

98.5

0.007

Graduate

49

16 911

39.7

33.2

46.4

98.2

Continuing

8

3 369

39.9

27.7

52.7

97.4

Undergraduate learner preference for online education by year of studies

1st

16

2 994

25.1

16.4

34.9

96.8

0.105

2nd

13

1 233

32.6

20.7

45.7

95.4

3rd

8

499

13.6

6.9

22.1

82.7

4th

6

271

21.0

5.1

43.2

93.4

5th

4

300

16.7

3.5

36.4

93.1

Learner preference for online education by gender

Women

10

2 095

36.1

20.7

53.1

98.3

0.550

Men

7

1 177

43.9

25.0

63.8

97.7

Learner preference for online education by continent

North America

44

14 744

40.1

34.1

46.3

97.2

< 0.001

South America

3

1 402

12.3

5.7

20.8

87.7

Europe

41

15 191

38.7

32.4

45.2

98.3

Asia

105

40 620

28.0

24.0

32.1

98.8

Africa

9

1 454

31.7

16.1

49.7

98.0

Learner preference for online education by WHO region

American

47

16 146

38.3

31.5

45.2

98.2

< 0.001

European

49

30 492

37.3

32.7

42.1

98.2

African

7

1 102

29.7

11.5

51.9

98.3

Eastern Mediterranean

39

13 421

33.1

26.2

40.4

98.7

South East Asian

45

17 276

22.7

18.4

27.4

97.9

Western Pacific

18

8282

29.7

15.9

45.6

99.4

Learner preference for online education by year of study end (2020 vs 2021)

2020

88

44 017

30.4

26.2

34.9

98.9

1.000

2021

37

12 681

30.2

23.6

37.3

98.5

  1. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) or trends (p < 0.1) are noted in bold
  2. ISCO International Standard Classification of Occupations, n number of studies, N number of participants