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Table 3 Variations in the number and density of different types of rural specialists between 2001–2008 and 2009–2020

From: The impact of incentive scheme on rural healthcare workforce availability: a case study of Kazakhstan

Type of medical specialty

Mean number/density for the period 2001–2008

Mean number/density for the period 2009–2020

Percentage point change for mean/density

Neurosurgery

1.38/ < 0.01

6.67/0.01

384.85/311.57

Cardiology

38.50/0.06

115.33/0.15

199.57/160.85

Traumatology and Orthopedics

35.25/0.05

96.83/0.13

174.70/139.95

Endocrinology

39.25/0.06

95.33/0.13

142.89/111.54

Radiology

128.50/0.20

308.33/0.41

139.95/107.83

Neurology

143.50/0.22

252.00/0.33

75.61/52.57

Urology

21.25/0.03

37.25/0.05

75.29/52.43

Anesthesiology and Intensive Care

209.50/0.32

328.17/0.43

56.64/36.02

General surgery

380.13/0.58

564.17/0.74

48.42/29.11

Otorhinolaryngology

101.75/0.15

138.50/0.18

36.12/18/27

Ophthalmology

113.13/0.17

153.75/0.20

35.91/18.06

Obstetrics and Gynecology

620.00/0.94

769.67/1.02

24.14/7.68

Dentistry

514.25/0.78

618.83/0.82

20.34/4.30

Internal medicine

1599.25/2.44

1640.33/2.17

2.57/− 10.93

Pediatrics

1454.00/2.22

1252.83/1.66

− 13.84/− 25.15