Model | Ordinary least squares in 2009 | Fixed effect | Random effect |
---|---|---|---|
 | Elasticity | Elasticity | Elasticity |
Salary (million yen per 2 years) | 0.0810 | 0.4995* | 0.1480 |
Number of teaching physicians (persons per 100 beds) | 0.6211** | 0.3678** | 0.6908** |
Closed programme within a single institution (closed programme = 1) | 0.0686** | −0.0096 | 0.0302* |
Number of hospital beds (100 beds) | 0.5154** | Â | Â |
Average number of emergency patients (persons per day per 10 beds) | 0.0451 | 0.0309 | 0.0660* |
Average number of inpatients (persons per day) | Â | 0.9316** | 0.7145** |