Table 1 Dependent and independent variables on district level ( n  = 412)

Dependent

Density of GPs (per 10 000 inhabitants)

6.32

0.99

1.52

12.58

Density of specialists (per 10 000 inhabitants)

3.14

1.35

0.51

8.99

Ratio GPs/specialists

2.30

0.99

0.75

12.80

 Population

Population density (per km²)

518.68

674.91

37.09

4355.28

 Morbidity

Old-age dependency ratio

32.14

4.22

22.03

45.53

Life-expectancy women (from 60 years)

25.08

0.63

23.10

27.10

Life-expectancy men (from 60 years)

21.56

0.94

19.40

24.60

Mortality (deaths per 1000 inhabitants)

10.91

1.59

6.90

15.40

 Financial incentives

Household income (in €, per month)

1548.93

199.31

1157.90

2585.00

Rate of privately insured persons (%)

13.46

4.32

3.53

27.00

 Health care system

No. of hospital beds (per 10 000 inhabitants)

64.49

38.70

0.00

215.90

No. of nursing home beds (per 10 000 inhabitants)

108.94

28.83

47.10

256.60

 Cultural

No. of middle-order centers

2.24

2.16

0.00

11.00

No. of high-order centers

0.39

0.56

0.00

4.00

 Labor/economy

Unemployment rate (%)

7.41

3.31

1.90

17.40

Rate of highly qualified workers (%)

8.23

3.80

3.00

26.50

GDP per capita (in €1000)

27.58

10.24

13.20

83.60

 Attractiveness

Touristic attractiveness

5.27

7.56

0.00

90.60

Building area attractiveness

125.47

117.34

0.00

1031.80

Migration balance (last 10 years)

4.54

46.13

−171.40

100.30

Migration balance (last 5 years)

−3.98

21.85

−69.80

61.80

 Infrastructure

Travel time to airport

54.41

24.11

7.60

161.50

Travel time high-speed train station

22.36

14.42

0.00

61.60

Travel time middle-order center

8.26

6.40

0.00

36.60

Travel time high-order center

26.56

17.83

0.00

76.20

Binary variables

Cultural

State capital

City >100 000 inhabitants

Health care system

University hospital

Infrastructure

District in former East Germany

Urban district