Table 1 Emerging themes and their related principles

1. Strong core values and vision

1. Historically and culturally situated

2. Transparency and early dialogue with labor and other stakeholders

2. Integrated, internally and externally, with strategic and operational process

3. Innovations in workflow

(2) Integrated

3. Changes are holistic

4. Changes are adaptive and based on data about changing demand

4. New patterns of coupling

(2) Integrated

5. Maturing the WFPD model through intermediary functions

5. A process on ongoing consensus building

6. Continuous and iterative

7. Generative of new investment in the function