From: A survey of pharmacists’ perception of foundation level competencies in African countries
Cluster | Competency | Behaviour | High response countries (N) | Low response countries (N) | χ2 value | p | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Not relevant | Low relevance | Relevant | Not relevant | Low relevance | Relevant | |||||
Pharmaceutical public health | Health promotion | [B1] Assess primary healthcare needs | 10 | 20 | 396 | 1* | 7 | 35 | 9.67 | 0.01 |
Medicines information and advice | [B4] Identify sources, retrieve, evaluate, assess and disseminate relevant medicines information according to patients needs | 2* | 22 | 402 | 1* | 8 | 34 | 1.12 | 0.01 | |
Pharmaceutical care | Assessment of medicines | [B6] Identify and act upon medicines interactions | 40 | 68 | 242 | 3* | 15 | 18 | 9.56 | 0.01 |
Dispensing | [B12] Dispense devices (e.g. inhalers) | 11 | 18 | 321 | 0* | 9 | 27 | 20.54 | < 0.001 | |
Medicines | [B19] Ensure appropriate medicine route, dose, time, form and response for individual patients | 22 | 21 | 307 | 5 | 7 | 24 | 12.52 | 0.002 | |
Organisation and management | Human resource management | [B37] Participate and collaborate, advice in therapeutic decision-making and use appropriate decision referral in a multi-disciplinary team | 11 | 23 | 261 | 4* | 6 | 23 | 9.4 | 0.01 |
Improvement of service | [B42] Resolve, follow-up and prevent medicines related problems | 10 | 23 | 262 | 1* | 9 | 23 | 12.8 | < 0.001 | |
Procurement | [B44] Develop and implement a contingency plan for shortages | 11 | 27 | 257 | 5 | 2* | 26 | 8.5 | 0.01 | |
Supply chain management | [B54] Implement system for documentation and record keeping | 11 | 13 | 271 | 3* | 8 | 22 | 22.35 | 0.001 | |
Work place management | [B61] Recognise and manage pharmacy resources (e.g. financial, infrastructure) | 9 | 26 | 260 | 5 | 3* | 25 | 10.71 | 0.01 | |
Professional and personal | Quality assurance and research in the workplace | [B94] Implement, conduct and maintain a report system of pharmacovigilance (e.g. report adverse drug reactions) | 16 | 11 | 246 | 2* | 6 | 24 | 11.88 | 0.003 |