Table 2 Analysis of association between receipt of ASHA services for the most recent birth and individual characteristics using logistic regression and the 2011–2012 IHDS survey

Maternal age (years)

 15–19

1

1

1

 20–24

1.04

(0.74–1.48)

0.8057

1.13

(0.78–1.63)

0.5186

0.99

(0.62–1.58)

0.9628

 25–29

0.80

(0.57–1.13)

0.2047

0.87

(0.60–1.26)

0.4534

0.83

(0.52–1.33)

0.4485

 30–34

0.63

(0.44–0.91)

0.0131

0.65

(0.44–0.97)

0.0339

0.62

(0.38–1.04)

0.0683

 35–39

0.64

(0.43–0.95)

0.0265

0.69

(0.46–1.06)

0.0893

0.61

(0.36–1.04)

0.0709

 ≥ 40

0.63

(0.41–0.99)

0.0461

0.70

(0.43–1.14)

0.1505

0.58

(0.32–1.04)

0.0665

Education

–

 No education

1

1

1

 1–5 years

1.13

(0.97–1.31)

0.1178

1.11

(0.94–1.30)

0.2122

1.12

(0.94–1.35)

0.2114

 6–11 years

1.44

(1.26–1.66)

0.0000

1.53

(1.32–1.78)

0.0000

1.46

(1.23–1.73)

0.0000

 12 years or more

1.33

(1.09–1.63)

0.0055

1.4

(1.09–1.72)

0.0068

1.30

(0.97–1.73)

0.0764

Caste

 Forward caste

1

1

1

 Backward castes

1.17

(0.99–1.37)

0.0638

1.16

(0.96–1.40)

0.1152

1.34

(1.09–1.65)

0.0050

 Scheduled castes

1.30

(1.08–1.57)

0.0053

1.25

(1.02–1.54)

0.0355

1.59

(1.25–2.02)

0.0002

 Scheduled tribes

1.19

(0.92–1.54)

0.1843

1.17

(0.89–1.55)

0.2629

1.30

(0.92–1.82)

0.1369

Religion

 Hindu

1

1

1

 Muslim

1.05

(0.85–1.30)

0.6579

1.06

(0.82–1.37)

0.6529

0.96

(0.72–1.28)

0.7711

 Other religions

0.79

(0.57–1.08)

0.1392

0.81

(0.56–1.16)

0.2414

1.55

(0.62–3.91)

0.3534

States

 Other states

1

1

1

 High-focus states

1.22

(1.04–1.43)

0.0149

1.27

(1.06–1.52)

0.0095

 Northeastern states

5.94

(3.80–9.29)

0.0000

6.73

(3.95–11.46)

0.0000

Urban/rural residence

 Urban

0.90

(0.75–1.08)

0.2630

0.88

(0.66–1.16)

0.3545

 Rural

1

1

Wealth quintile

 Lowest

1

1

1

 Lower

0.76

(0.66–0.88)

0.0002

0.75

(0.64–0.87)

0.0001

0.76

(0.64–0.90)

0.0015

 Middle

0.78

(0.66–0.92)

0.0040

0.80

(0.67–0.96)

0.0150

0.81

(0.65–1.01)

0.0591

 Richer

0.55

(0.45–0.67)

0.0000

0.51

(0.41–0.63)

0.0000

0.53

(0.41–0.70)

0.0000

 Richest

0.39

(0.31–0.49)

0.0000

0.35

(0.26–0.45)

0.0000

0.36

(0.26–0.51)

0.0000

Parity

0.93

(0.89–0.97)

0.0006

0.93

(0.89–0.97)

0.0008

0.95

(0.91–1.00)

0.0524