Effectiveness of a large-scale, sustained and comprehensive community health worker program in improving population health: the experience of an urban health district in South Africa

Table 4 Comparison of health and social outputs and outcomes in South African indigent households

Intervention vs control households		Odds ratio (2 × 2 table)*	2-tailed p value
Health and social outputs
Access to social support services	Received any social grant (old age, child care and disability grant)	1.3	0.004
Access to social support services	Had SA birth certificate or ID	4.9	0.001
Self-reported health seeking behavior	Use of family planning	0.5	0.01
Self-reported health seeking behavior	Improvements in early access to health care in last 12 months	3.93	0.169
Health awareness and knowledge (based on knowledge score)	HIV status	1.79	0.481
	Tuberculosis	1.62	0.43
	Hypertension	1.28	0.47
	Diabetes	0.92	0.73
Health outcomes
Self-reported morbidity (from household interviews)	Chronic condition diagnosed and on treatment in members	2.4	0.002
	Chronic condition well controlled in last 12 months in households	1.6	0.0001
	Immunized child	4.3	0.039
	Early antenatal care (< 20 weeks)	2.3	0.33
	Healthy children	0.3	0.0001
	Safe pregnancy	0.07	0.0001

Statistically significant p values (< 0.05) were also in bold
*Where odds ratios > 1 (in bold), it is in favour of intervention households; where odds ratios < 1, control households did better

ISSN: 1478-4491