Table 4 Outcome measurements and definitions

Pre-specified primary outcomes

 Satisfied with light and electricity

Binary (2)

Equal to 1 if strongly agree or agree with both statements: (1) I am satisfied with the availability and brightness of light in this facility. (2) I am satisfied with the availability of electricity in this facility

 Job satisfaction index

Continuous (4)

Mean score (1–5) of response to four statements: (1) These days, I feel motivated to work as hard as I can. (2) Overall, I am satisfied with my job. (3) Overall, the morale level at my department is good (4) I plan on staying at this position for the next year

Pre-specified secondary outcomes

 Impact of lack of overhead light index

Continuous (14)

Index of items measuring how lack of overhead light in facilities affected health workers’ ability to perform job functions, including how often health worker: conducted deliveries without overhead light; had to hold torch in hand to see patient; experienced lack of light that affected normal care provided; delayed care; feared to move around facility; was affected in ability to suture, find/use equipment, conduct examinations of mother, provide emergency care, provide newborn care, monitor fetal heartrate, administer medication, clean up after delivery, manage infection control. Response to items scored (1–5) on following scale: 1. Every delivery, 2. Most, 3. Some, 4. Few, or 5. Never. Overall score is the average of 14 items, yielding a range of 1–5. We reverse-coded the index so that higher overall score indicates more frequent occurrence of negative impact of lack of overhead light

Other outcomes in the main results

 Satisfied with light

Binary

Equal to 1 if strongly agree or agree with: I am satisfied with the availability and brightness of light in this facility

 Satisfied with electricity

Binary

Equal to 1 if strongly agree or agree with: I am satisfied with the availability of electricity in this facility