Table 2 IM tasks according to the related activities
Domain (1) | 1. Infodemic management |
Activity | 1.1 Coordinate, facilitate and strengthen |
Main tasks: | • Develop or adopt a taxonomy of classifications for mis/disinformation as a reference framework for IM • Promote and ensure coordination among the different domains and tasks of IM • Develop partnerships with organizations that are active in IM • Promote ethical conduct in IM to avoid the spread and propagation of harmful health information, as well as unintended harm from all actions |
Domain (2) | 2. Prepare and monitor |
Activity | 2.1 Listen |
Main tasks: | • Analyze and evaluate individuals’ behaviors, focusing on personal, social and environmental determinants • Identify people’s topics of interest • Detect information deficits and open questions in the offline and online populations • Identify, analyze and evaluate the evidence-basis of the main narratives and claims over health issues circulating in the population |
Activity | 2.2 Inform |
Main tasks: | • Develop and tailor messages for different populations, utilizing appropriate communication strategies, communication media and channels • Pretest messages among target populations and in different media • Measure the effectiveness of messages in time and media • Partner with medical associations, nongovernmental organizations, traditional and social media, and tech companies to target different stakeholders in the health system • Promote credibility and trust in health authorities and service delivery |
Domain (3) | 3. Detect and intervene |
Activity | 3.1 Intervene |
Main tasks: | • Define the objective of the single intervention or of the multiple interventions, and the target populations • Identify barriers to and facilitators of the planned objective in the target population • Define a model of change and clarify processes which will be used to assess the efficacy of the intervention • Define the various levels the intervention covers, from policy and health system to community and individual levels • Produce the interventions and implement them |
Activity | 3.2 Counter |
Main tasks: | • Build or strengthen reporting tools and processes to identify and analyze mis/disinformation • Track mis/disinformation, check facts and trends over time • Work in partnership with stakeholders to identify and act on mis/disinformation rapidly |
Activity | 3.3 Monitor |
Main tasks: | • Collect and collate data related to interventions and messages • Estimate the impact of the interventions • Transfer the findings of interventions to improve mis/disinformation correction and management |
Activity | 3.4 Support |
Main tasks: | • Design, implement and evaluate interventions to build and strengthen resilience against mis/disinformation, tailored to individual communities and vulnerable populations • Measure community involvement and empowerment • Integrate measures for infodemic resilience into health system standard reporting processes |
Domain (4) | 4. Strengthen |
Activity | 4.1 Prepare |
Main tasks | • Promote building, revision and adoption of policies for IM • Embed IM modules and indicators in all relevant aspects of the public health response • Support and promote interdisciplinarity in institutions’ IM |
Activity | 4.2 Ongoing monitoring and strategy refinement |
Main tasks | • Identify and address gaps in IM program design and service delivery • Use implementation research evidence in program improvement and policy development • Document IM processes, analyses and outputs for future use • Promote shared interventions and approaches between countries, including the assessment of factors affecting the transferability of interventions |
Activity | 4.3 Building capacity |
Main tasks | • Assess IM training needs within the institution • Set organizational training objectives and create training action plans • Define and plan for internally provided or outsourced training • Implement training initiatives • Evaluate and revise training • Integrate infodemic training within the main processes and services for employees of the institution |