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Table 3 Percentage distribution of the health and non-health policy research workforces by sociodemographic and labour market characteristics, according to gender

From: Gender composition and wage gaps in the Canadian health policy research workforce in comparative perspective

Characteristic

(1)

Natural & applied science

(2)

Economics

(3)

Business development

(4)

Social

(5)

Health

(6)

Education

(7)

Recreation

(8)

Government programmes

Female (%)

Male (%)

Female (%)

Male (%)

Female (%)

Male (%)

Female (%)

Male (%)

Female (%)

Male (%)

Female (%)

Male (%)

Female (%)

Male (%)

Female (%)

Male (%)

Age group

 25–34 years

38*

31

39

40

49*

43

39*

34

38

37

28

29

51

52

32*

26

 35–44 years

39

40

36

35

32

32

37

38

36

35

38

37

28

30

41

39

 45–54 years

22*

29

25

25

20*

24

25*

28

26

28

34

34

20

18

27*

35

Educational attainment

 Bachelor’s degree

46

48

44*

40

70*

66

50*

47

42*

39

50*

44

80

79

57

56

 Graduate level

54

52

56*

60

30*

34

50*

53

58*

61

50*

56

20

21

43

44

Work status

 Full time

91*

96

96*

98

91*

96

92*

96

89*

93

87*

92

82*

87

89*

94

 Part time

9*

4

5*

2

9*

4

8*

4

11*

8

13*

8

18*

10

11*

6

Class of worker

 Employee

96*

94

99

98

93

93

97

96

98

97

97*

95

98*

96

100

100

 Self-employed

4*

6

1

2

7

7

3

4

2

3

3*

5

2*

4

0

0

Primary household maintainer

 Primary

56*

70

54*

76

48*

68

56*

72

50*

72

51*

72

48*

61

53*

74

 Not primary

44*

30

46*

24

52*

32

44*

28

50*

28

49*

28

52*

39

47*

26

Marital status

 With spouse/partner

71*

75

67

68

64*

68

66*

72

69

69

70*

73

67

64

68*

72

 No spouse/partner

29*

25

33

32

36*

32

34*

28

31

31

30*

27

33

36

32*

28

Household presence of children

 With children

51*

56

51

47

44*

48

50

50

53*

48

57

54

48*

35

53

53

 No children

49*

44

49

53

56*

52

50

49

47*

52

43

46

51*

65

47

47

Adult migrant status

 Immigrated in adulthood

12*

17

28*

24

19*

22

16

17

15*

26

11*

19

7

7

10

11

 Not adult migrant

88*

83

72*

76

81*

78

84

83

85*

74

89*

81

92

93

90

89

Province or region of residence

 Atlantic region

5

5

3

3

4

4

6

4

5

4

7

8

5

8

5

5

 Quebec

21

22

20

22

22*

15

23*

25

2

20

27

26

22

22

23

24

 Ontario

42

39

58

56

49*

51

45*

47

52

50

37

36

37

38

53

53

 Prairies region

18

20

10

12

12*

16

14*

13

14

15

16

16

18

17

10

10

 British Columbia

12

12

8

6

13

13

11

10

10

11

12

12

17

15

8

7

 Northern region

2

1

0

0

0

0

1

1

1

0

1

1

1

0

1

1

  1. *p < 0.05 (statistically different from the male reference group). Not adult migrant: Canadian-born or immigrated before age 20. Atlantic provinces: Newfoundland & Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and New Brunswick; Prairie provinces: Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta; Northern territories: Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut
  2. Source: 2016 Canadian Population Census (authors’ calculations; data weighted for population representation)