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Table 16 Risks and protective factors for anxiety and depression among health worker learners

From: Health worker education during the COVID-19 pandemic: global disruption, responses and lessons for the future—a systematic review and meta-analysis

Risk factors for anxiety

Risk factors for depression

Protective factors for anxiety and depression

Female gender [76,77,78,79]

Programs placing emphasis on their learners’ wellness [95]

History of other physical [96] or mental health disease [97, 98], use of medications [99]

Increased physical activity [95]

Having relatives or acquaintances infected with COVID-19 [100]

Personal or financial concerns [76]

 

Working in a region with high COVID-19 prevalence [101]

Postponement of final examinations [102]

Working in COVID-19 isolation units [77, 96]

Reduced sleep [102]

Rare communication with friends and family [103]

Increased duration of internet use [102]

Lower family income [99]

 

Living alone or living with a relative at high risk for COVID-19 infection [104]