From: Self-reported continuing professional development needs of medical laboratory professionals in Ghana
Independent variable | Outcome variable | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quality management systems | Technical competence | Laboratory management, leadership, and coaching | Pathophysiology, data interpretation, and research | |||||
OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
Age group | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 20–30 | 0.52 (0.06–4.43) | 0.547 | 0.28 (0.04–2.01) | 0.207 | 0.22 (0.03–1.55) | 0.129 | 0.16 (0.01–2.14) | 0.167 |
 31–40 | 0.42 (0.06–3.25) | 0.407 | 0.26 (0.04–1.62) | 0.148 | 0.29 (0.05–1.84) | 0.191 | 0.16 (0.01–1.94) | 0.150 |
 41–50 | 0.53 (0.08–3.72) | 0.522 | 0.69 (0.12–3.97) | 0.680 | 0.67 (0.12–3.83) | 0.653 | 0.13 (0.01–1.46) | 0.099 |
 > 50 | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Female | 0.91 (0.53–1.57) | 0.729 | 0.89 (0.54–1.49) | 0.669 | 1.08 (0.64–1.83) | 0.781 | 1.26 (0.73–2.15) | 0.406 |
 Male | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Cadre type | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Others | 1.35 (0.13–14.43) | 0.802 | 0.55 (0.05–5.99) | 0.622 | 0.22 (0.02–2.01) | 0.180 | 0.79 (0.07–8.44) | 0.846 |
 Lab Manager | 1.82 (0.42–7.87) | 0.423 | 0.69 (0.15–3.19) | 0.634 | 0.58 (0.13–2.55) | 0.470 | 0.54 (0.11–2.73) | 0.457 |
 Medical Lab Scientist | 2.72 (0.76–9.71) | 0.124 | 1.25 (0.32–4.930 | 0.750 | 0.95 (0.25–3.63) | 0.936 | 1.26 (0.30–5.26) | 0.755 |
 Medical Lab Technician | 2.18 (0.60–7.96) | 0.237 | 0.70 (0.17–2.79) | 0.609 | 0.78 (0.20–3.07) | 0.724 | 0.92 (0.21–3.94) | 0.905 |
 Medical Lab Assistant | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Years in service | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 1–5 | 0.50 (0.13–1.90) | 0.307 | 2.15 (0.62–7.46) | 0.228 | 3.42 (1.01–11.60) | 0.049 | 1.56 (0.44–5.52) | 0.492 |
 6–10 | 1.04 (0.29–3.76) | 0.958 | 2.24 (0.70–7.20) | 0.176 | 2.72 (0.88–8.44) | 0.084 | 1.72 (0.55–5.41) | 0.353 |
 11–15 | 1.11 (0.34–3.66) | 0.866 | 1.89 (0.64–5.61) | 0.250 | 2.25 (0.76–6.62) | 0.142 | 1.02 (0.36–2.94) | 0.965 |
 > 15 | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Current place of work | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Ghana Health Service | 2.36 (0.90–6.14) | 0.080 | 2.82 (1.12–7.09) | 0.028 | 1.21 (0.48–3.06) | 0.687 | 0.76 (0.31–1.85) | 0.541 |
 Mission Hospital | 1.39 (0.50–3.80) | 0.528 | 2.08 (0.78–5.59) | 0.145 | 0.71 (0.27–1.91) | 0.500 | 0.71 (0.27–1.83) | 0.474 |
 Teaching Hospital | 2.82 (0.95–8.39) | 0.062 | 4.64 (1.63–13.25) | 0.004 | 2.48 (0.87–7.08) | 0.089 | 3.12 (1.05–9.34) | 0.042 |
 Private Hospital/Laboratory | 4.38 (1.41–13.58) | 0.011 | 4.47 (1.50–13.32) | 0.007 | 1.83 (0.63–5.32) | 0.269 | 1.60 (0.55–4.68) | 0.390 |
 Teaching/Research Institution | 1.00 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Being in a supervisory role | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 0.52 (0.22–1.22) | 0.133 | 0.74 (0.32–1.71) | 0.481 | 0.56 (0.26–1.20) | 0.133 | 0.27 (0.11–0.65) | 0.003 |
 Yes | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
No. of staff supervised | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 0 | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 1–5 | 0.60 (0.25–1.43) | 0.252 | 0.96 (0.41–2.23) | 0.923 | 1.02 (0.47–2.22) | 0.960 | 0.39 (0.16–0.95) | 0.039 |
 6–10 | 0.42 (0.17–1.05) | 0.064 | 0.49 (0.21–1.19) | 0.115 | 0.65 (0.29–1.49) | 0.311 | 0.39 (0.15–0.97) | 0.044 |
 > 10 | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Period for last CPD | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Not specified | 1.97 (0.51–6.22) | 0.999 | 3.34 (1.12–9.87) | 0.999 | 4.81 (0.36–63.90) | 0.234 | 0.20 (0.01–3.82) | 0.281 |
 > 3 | 1.95 (0.60–6.32) | 0.266 | 2.80 (0.83–9.47) | 0.097 | 3.62 (1.19–11.00) | 0.023 | 5.67 (1.39–23.14) | 0.016 |
 1–3 | 1.05 (0.53–2.09) | 0.890 | 0.87 (0.47–1.63) | 0.668 | 0.98 (0.51–1.86) | 0.944 | 1.17 (0.61–2.26) | 0.639 |
 < 1 | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Reason for attending CPD | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Facilitation of license renewal | 0.69 (0.42–1.12) | 0.133 | 0.67 (0.42–1.07) | 0.096 | 0.54 (0.34–0.87) | 0.010 | 1.10 (0.67–1.82) | 0.696 |
 Exchange of expertise with colleagues | 0.55 (0.18–1.68) | 0.297 | 0.77 (0.26–2.33) | 0.647 | 0.72 (0.25–2.08) | 0.539 | 0.38 (0.12–1.18) | 0.095 |
 Improvement in knowledge and skills | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |