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Table 4 Frequency of GHQ-12 items among healthcare workers in tertiary referral hospitals during the early phase of the epidemic, Iran, (N = 637)

From: Psychosocial status and risk perception among Iranian healthcare workers during the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

Itemsb from GHQ-12 questionnairec

Percentage of score responses (N = 637)

0

1

2

3

2 or 3a

Not enjoying daily activities

234

268

92

43

135

Feeling constantly under stress

210

289

96

42

138

Not feeling reasonably happy

229

258

116

34

150

Feeling unhappy and depressed

227

249

129

32

161

Cannot overcome difficulties

197

279

121

40

161

Cannot concentrate on tasks

215

269

112

41

153

Worrying about losing sleep due to COVID-19

204

290

102

41

143

Cannot face up to problems

202

274

122

39

161

Lost confidence

219

258

124

36

160

Feeling worthless

231

252

117

37

154

Not capable of making decisions

224

255

120

38

158

Not feeling useful in society

225

277

104

31

135

  1. GHQ General Health Questionnaire
  2. aA higher score signifies psychologically distressed state
  3. bAll items were asked about for the period of the past 1 month
  4. cGHQ-12 items as proposed by Goldberg [19]