Table 3 Results of quality indicators by type of hospital according to the 2nd and 3rd quality assessments (Unit: N/M, %, SD)

Medical staff

Number of intensivist physician staffing

Full-time

3.88

 ± 2.70

0.35

 ± 0.73

 < .001

4.00

 ± 2.45

0.45

 ± 0.84

 < .001

Half-time

0.70

 ± 1.15

0.18

 ± 0.52

.005

1.12

 ± 1.60

0.26

 ± 0.62

.001

Number of nurses

Nurse-to-ICU bed ratio

0.55

 ± 0.08

1.07

 ± 0.67

 < .001

0.50

 ± 0.07

1.05

 ± 0.79

 < .001

Nursing grade

1.77

 ± 0.65

4.77

 ± 2.24

 < .001

1.38

 ± 0.54

4.36

 ± 2.34

 < .001

Experienced nurse

72.05

 ± 39.52

12.41

 ± 13.00

 < .001

79.21

 ± 44.35

13.52

 ± 14.72

 < .001

Average work experience (year)

5.79

 ± 1.52

4.66

 ± 2.77

 < .001

5.51

 ± 1.24

4.75

 ± 2.65

.004

Structure and process indicator

ICU specialized equipment and facilities

5.53

 ± 0.50

3.31

 ± 1.78

 < .001

5.48

 ± 0.51

3.56

 ± 1.71

 < .001

Number of ICU care protocol (total: 9)

9.00

 ± 0.00

8.59

 ± 1.61

 < .001

9.00

 ± 0.00

8.83

 ± 1.05

.019

Infection-related bundles

3.79

 ± 0.41

2.85

 ± 1.47

 < .001

3.00

 ± 0.00

2.71

 ± 0.85

 < .001